Chapter 3

Question 1

Ionic bonding

Answer 1

occurs between metals and nonmetals
- transfer of electrons from one atom to another
- oppositely charged ions attract one another by electrostatic forces and form ionic compounds

Question 2

Covalent bonding

Answer 2

occurs between two or more nonmetals
-sharing of electrons between two atoms
- have lower potential energy because they interact with the nuclei of both atoms
- made molecule

Question 3

Chemical formula

Answer 3

first the more metallic (more positively charged) then more negatively charged

Question 4

Empirical formula

Answer 4

gives the relative number of atom of each element in a compound
-factored out number

Question 5

Molecular formula

Answer 5

gives the actual number of the atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound

Question 6

Structural formula

Answer 6

uses lines to represent covalent bonds and shows how atoms in a molecule connect or bond to each other

Question 7

Acids

Answer 7

Molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+). when dissolved in water
- composed of hydrogen (written first) and one or more nonmetals which is written second

Question 8

Binary acids

Answer 8

composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal

Question 9

Oxyacid

Answer 9

containing hydrogen and an oxyanion

Question 10

oxyanion

Answer 10

an anion containing a nonmetal and oxygen

Question 11

Formula mass

Answer 11

[(number of atoms of 1st element in chemical formula) x (atomic mass of 1st element)] + …. (however many elements in the formula)

Question 12

Mass percent of element (x)

Answer 12

[(number of atoms) x (molar mass of the element)/ molar mass of the compound] x 100%

Question 13

n (what to multiply the empirical formula by to find the molecular formula)

Answer 13

molar mass/ empirical formula molar mass

Question 14

Combinations (synthesis) reaction

Answer 14

two reactants react to yield one product

Question 15

Decomposition reaction (reverse of combination)

Answer 15

a single substance is broken down to yield two or more different substance

Question 16

Single displacement reaction

Answer 16

an element reacts with a compound, replacing one of the elements in the compounds

Question 17

Double displacement reaction

Answer 17

two compounds react, exchanging partners, to yield compounds

Question 18

Combustion reaction

Answer 18

a substance is burned in the present of oxygen to yield products which contain oxygen atoms and energy in the form of heat and light
- products are carbon dioxide and water