Chapter 3 Flashcards
Ionic bonding
occurs between metals and nonmetals
- transfer of electrons from one atom to another
- oppositely charged ions attract one another by electrostatic forces and form ionic compounds
Covalent bonding
occurs between two or more nonmetals
-sharing of electrons between two atoms
- have lower potential energy because they interact with the nuclei of both atoms
- made molecule
Chemical formula
first the more metallic (more positively charged) then more negatively charged
Empirical formula
gives the relative number of atom of each element in a compound
-factored out number
Molecular formula
gives the actual number of the atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound
Structural formula
uses lines to represent covalent bonds and shows how atoms in a molecule connect or bond to each other
Acids
Molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+). when dissolved in water
- composed of hydrogen (written first) and one or more nonmetals which is written second
Binary acids
composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal
Oxyacid
containing hydrogen and an oxyanion
oxyanion
an anion containing a nonmetal and oxygen
Formula mass
[(number of atoms of 1st element in chemical formula) x (atomic mass of 1st element)] + …. (however many elements in the formula)
Mass percent of element (x)
[(number of atoms) x (molar mass of the element)/ molar mass of the compound] x 100%
n (what to multiply the empirical formula by to find the molecular formula)
molar mass/ empirical formula molar mass
Combinations (synthesis) reaction
two reactants react to yield one product
Decomposition reaction (reverse of combination)
a single substance is broken down to yield two or more different substance