Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Ionic bonding

A

occurs between metals and nonmetals
- transfer of electrons from one atom to another
- oppositely charged ions attract one another by electrostatic forces and form ionic compounds

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2
Q

Covalent bonding

A

occurs between two or more nonmetals
-sharing of electrons between two atoms
- have lower potential energy because they interact with the nuclei of both atoms
- made molecule

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3
Q

Chemical formula

A

first the more metallic (more positively charged) then more negatively charged

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4
Q

Empirical formula

A

gives the relative number of atom of each element in a compound
-factored out number

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5
Q

Molecular formula

A

gives the actual number of the atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound

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6
Q

Structural formula

A

uses lines to represent covalent bonds and shows how atoms in a molecule connect or bond to each other

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7
Q

Acids

A

Molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+). when dissolved in water
- composed of hydrogen (written first) and one or more nonmetals which is written second

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8
Q

Binary acids

A

composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal

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9
Q

Oxyacid

A

containing hydrogen and an oxyanion

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10
Q

oxyanion

A

an anion containing a nonmetal and oxygen

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11
Q

Formula mass

A

[(number of atoms of 1st element in chemical formula) x (atomic mass of 1st element)] + …. (however many elements in the formula)

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12
Q

Mass percent of element (x)

A

[(number of atoms) x (molar mass of the element)/ molar mass of the compound] x 100%

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13
Q

n (what to multiply the empirical formula by to find the molecular formula)

A

molar mass/ empirical formula molar mass

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14
Q

Combinations (synthesis) reaction

A

two reactants react to yield one product

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15
Q

Decomposition reaction (reverse of combination)

A

a single substance is broken down to yield two or more different substance

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16
Q

Single displacement reaction

A

an element reacts with a compound, replacing one of the elements in the compounds

17
Q

Double displacement reaction

A

two compounds react, exchanging partners, to yield compounds

18
Q

Combustion reaction

A

a substance is burned in the present of oxygen to yield products which contain oxygen atoms and energy in the form of heat and light
- products are carbon dioxide and water