Chapter 1

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

Submicroscopic particles are the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter

Question 2

Chemistry

Answer 2

the science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules

Question 3

Qualitative

Answer 3

description using words

Question 4

Quantitative

Answer 4

measuring something using numbers

Question 5

pure substance

Answer 5

made up of only one component and composition does not vary from one sample to another

Question 6

Mixture

Answer 6

composed of two or more components in proportions that can vary from one sample to another

Question 7

Physical change

Answer 7

alter only the state or appearance
- atoms or molecules that compose a substance do not change their identity
- changes in the state of matter (boiling or melting) or changes in physical conditions of matter (cutting or crushing)

Question 8

Chemical change

Answer 8

atoms rearrange, transforming the original substance into different substances
- temperature or color change
- odor, taste, color, appearance, melting point, boiling point, and density

Question 9

Chemical property

Answer 9

a property that a substance displays only by changing its composition via a chemical change
- corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, toxicity

Question 10

energy

Answer 10

capacity to do work

Question 11

work

Answer 11

the action of a force through a distance
- distance is required

Question 12

kinetic energy

Answer 12

energy associated with its motion
-total energy of an object

Question 13

potential energy

Answer 13

energy associated with its position or composition

Question 14

Thermal energy

Answer 14

energy associated with the temperature of the object
- type of kinetic energy

Question 15

Law of conservation of energy

Answer 15

energy is neither created nor destroyed

Question 16

Second principle

Answer 16

the tendency of systems with high potential energy to change in a way that lowers their potential energy
- high potential energy -> unstable

Question 17

Fahrenheit

Answer 17

Freezing: 32
Boils: 212
Absolute zero: -459

Question 18

Celsius

Answer 18

Freezing: 0
Boils: 100
Absolute zero: -273

Question 19

Kelvin

Answer 19

Freezing: 273
Boils: 373
Absolute zero: 0

Question 20

Fahrenheit to Celsius

Answer 20

(F - 32) / 1.8

Question 21

Celsius to Kelvin

Answer 21

C + 273.15

Question 22

Density

Answer 22

d = mass/volume
= m/v

Question 23

Significant figure rules

Answer 23

1. non zero digits - significant
2. interior zero - significant
3. leading zero - NOT SIGNIFICANT

Question 24

Rules for significant figures rules: trailing zeros

Answer 24

1. after the decimal point - significant
2. before the decimal point - significant
3. before an implied decimal point - ambiguous

Question 25

Rules for significant figures rules: Multiplications/division

Answer 25

the same number of significant figures as the factor with the fewest significant figures

Question 26

Rules for significant figures rules: Addition/ subtraction

Answer 26

the same number of decimal places as the quantity with the fewest decimal places in the answer