Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PsyAss (Quiz Bee) > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Act of assigning numbers or symbols to characteristics of things according to rules

A

Measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Collective influence of all of the factors on a test score beyond those specifically measured by the test

A

Error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Set of numbers whose properties model empirical properties of the objects to which the numbers are assigned

A

Scales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Measures continuous variables

A

Continuous Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Categorization has no much meaning

A

Discrete Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The property of “moreness”

A

Magnitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The difference between two points at any place on the scale has the same meaning as the difference between two other points that differ by the same number of scale units

A

Equal Intervals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Obtained when nothing of the property being measured exists

A

Absolute Zero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Classification or categorization based on one or more distinguishing characteristics

A

Nominal Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Classification and ranking or ordering

A

Ordinal Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Classification and ranking and equal intervals; no absolute zero

A

Interval Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

All math operations can be meaningfully performed; has absolute zero

A

Ratio Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most frequently used scale in psychology

A

Ordinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A set of test scores arrayed for recording or study

A

Distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Straightforward, unmodified accounting of performance that is usually numerical

A

Raw Score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where all scores are listed alongside the number of times each score occurred presented in graphic or tabular form

A

Frequency Distributions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Test-score intervals/class intervals replace the actual test scores

A

Grouped Frequency Distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Highest score minus lowest score

A

Range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diagram or chart composed of lines, points, bars, or other symbols that describe and illustrate data

A

Graph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A graph with vertical lines drawn at the true limits of each test score forming a series of contiguous rectangles.

A

Histogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Abscissa; score

A

X-axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ordinate; frequency of occurrence

A

Y-Axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parang life support

A

Frequency Polygon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

It answers the question “what percent of the scores fall below a particular score (Xi)?; the percentage of scores in its frequency distribution that are equal to or lower than it. Pr = B/N x 100

A

Percentile Ranks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The specific scores or points within a distribution; divide the total frequency for a set of observations into hundredths

A

Percentiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A statistic that indicates the average or midmost score between the extreme scores in a distribution

A

Measures of Central Tendency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Also called as average; takes into account the actual numerical value of every score

A

Mean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

X = Σ(X/n)

A

sum of observation divided by number of observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

X = Σ(fX)n

A

Computing mean from Frequency Distribution; “multiply the frequency of each score by its corresponding score and then sum”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Bell Shape

A

Normal Curve or Gaussian curve, probability curve (Carl Friedrich Gauss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Below and above average

A

Bimodal Distribution

32
Q

The score is located at -1; low scorer; low/below average

A

Positively Skewed Distribution

33
Q

The score is located at +1; high scorer; high/above average

A

Negatively Skewed Distribution

34
Q

Depicts a trend that starts with a sharp drop and is followed by a dramatic rise. The trendline ends in an improvement from the starting point

A

J-shaped curve

35
Q

Scores are equal

A

Rectangular Distribution

36
Q

Middle score; get by ordering. If the number of scores is even, sum up the two middle scores and divide it by 2

A

Median

37
Q

Getting the most frequently occurring score

A

Mode

38
Q

Indication of how scores in a distribution are scattered or dispersed

A

Range (HS - LS)

39
Q

Dividing points between the four quarters in the distribution; specific points - Interval

A

Quartiles - Quarter

40
Q

Measure of variability equal to the difference between Q3 and Q1 (Q1 - Q2)

A

Interquartile Range

41
Q

Q1 - Q2/2

A

Semi-Interquartile Range

42
Q

Another tool to describe amount of variability in distribution (AD = Σ|x|/n)
X = mean - score
Bars = absolute value

A

Average Deviation

43
Q

Measure of variability equal to the square root of the average squared deviations about the mean

A

Standard Deviation

44
Q

s2 = Σx2/n

A

Variance: The arithmetic mean of the squares of the differences between the scores in a distribution and their mean (sigma)

45
Q

Indication of how the measurements in a distribution are distributed

A

Skewness

46
Q

When relatively few of the scores fall at the high end of the distribution; may indicate that the test was too difficult

A

Positive Skew

47
Q

When relatively few of the scores fall at the low end of the distribution; may indicate that the test was too easy

A

Negatively Skew

48
Q

The steepness of a distribution in its center; root - kurtic

A

Kurtosis

49
Q

Relatively flat (average level)

A

Platykurtic

50
Q

Relatively peaked

A

Leptokurtic

51
Q

Somewhere in the middle (normal curve)

A

Mesokurtic

52
Q

Bell-shaped, smooth, mathematically defined curve that is highest at its center

A

Normal Curve or Laplace-Gaussian Curve

53
Q

The one credited with being the first to refer to the curve as the NORMAL curve

A

Karl Pearson

54
Q

Area on the normal curve between 2 and 3 standard deviations above the mean

A

Tails

55
Q

It is the score minus mean divided by variance

A

Z-score

56
Q

Pioneered the T-score

A

William Anderson McCall

57
Q

The T-test [T = (z x 10) + 50 was named after

A

Edward Lee Thorndike

58
Q

Standard and nine

A

Stanine [Stanine = (z x 2) + 5]

59
Q

Retains a direct numerical relationship to the original raw score.

A

Linear Transformation

60
Q

Required when the data under consideration are not normally distributed yet comparisons with normal distributions need to be made; no direct relationship

A

Nonlinear Transformation

61
Q

Normal curve with corresponding scale of standard scores

A

Normalized Standard Scores

62
Q

Normalize an abnormal curve

A

Stretching

63
Q

Provides us with an index of the strength of the relationship between two things (r)

A

Correlation Coefficient

64
Q

Expression of the degree and direction of correspondence between two things

A

Correlation

65
Q

Devised by Karl Pearson (Para); used only if the relationship is linear; can be furthered by Coefficient of Determination (r2). Indication of how much variance is shared by the X- and the Y-variables; square the correlation coefficient and multiply by 100. It is used when variables are Linear and Continuous.

A

Pearson r, Pearson correlation coefficient, Pearson product-moment coefficient of correlation.

66
Q

Pearson and Z-score are correlated because both are concerned with the location of an individual in a distribution

A
67
Q

An indication of how much variance is shared by the X and Y variables; evaluates the strength and relationship

A

Coefficient of Determinism

68
Q

Describes a deviation about a mean of a distribution

A

Moment

69
Q

Individual deviations about the mean of a distribution; first moments of the distribution

A

Deviates

70
Q

Moments squared - moments cubed

A

Second Moments - Third Moments

71
Q

Rank-order/rank-difference correlation-coefficient; alternative (non-para sample size is small; fewer than 30 pairs); developed by Charles Spearman

A

Spearman Rho

72
Q

An expression of the degree and direction of correspondence between two things (Degree: Weak - strong; Direction: Positive, negative, no correlation; LINEAR relationship; only TWO variables; Numerical in nature; no causation but can predict

A

Correlation

73
Q

Bivariate distribution/scatter diagram/scattergram; simple graphing of the coordinate points for values of the x-variable and the y-variable; provide quick information of direction and magnitude

A

Scatterplot

74
Q

Refers to the “eyeball gauge” of how curved a graph is

A

Curvilinearity

75
Q

An extreme atypical point located at a relatively long distance from the rest of the coordinate points in a scatterplot

A

Outlier

76
Q

Analysis of the data from several studies

A

Meta-Analysis

PsyAss (Quiz Bee) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions