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PsyAss (Quiz Bee) > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Test and testing programs first came into this country as early as 2200 BC; the purpose is in the means of selecting who, of many applicants would obtain government jobs

A

China

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2
Q

Test batteries was quite common; tests related to such diverse topics such as civil law, military affairs, agriculture, revenue, and geography

A

Han Dynasty (206 BCE to 220 CE)

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3
Q

A national multistage testing program involved local and regional testing centers equipped with special testing booths

A

Ming Dynasty (1368 to 1644 CE)

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4
Q

Attempts to categorize people’s personality types in terms of abundance or lack e.g. bodily fluid

A

Greco-Roman

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5
Q

Higher forms of life evolved partially because of differences among individual forms of life within a specie; those with the best or most adaptive characteristics survive at the expense of those who are less fit and that the survivors pass their characteristics on to the next generation

A

Charles Darwin

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6
Q

Classify people according to their natural gifts and to ascertain their deviation from an average. He also pioneered the use of a statistical concept central to psychological experimentation and testing: the coefficient of correlation

A

Francis Galton

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7
Q

First experimental psychology laboratory, founded at the University of Leipzig in Germany

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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8
Q

Coined the term “mental test”

A

James McKeen Cattell

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9
Q

A student of Wundt that originated the concept of test reliability; he also built the mathematical framework for the statistical technique of Factor Analysis

A

Charles Spearman

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10
Q

A student of Wundt that suggested how mental test could be used to measure higher mental process

A

Victor Henri

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11
Q

A student of Wundt that created word association techniques such as a formal test

A

Emil Kraepelin

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12
Q

A student of Wundt that coined the term “clinical psychology”

A

Lightner Witmer

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13
Q

They published several articles in which they argued for the measurement of abilities such as memory and social comprehension

A

Binet and Henri - 1895

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14
Q

They published a 30-item measuring scale of intelligence designed to help identify mentally retarded Paris schoolchildren

A

Binet and Simon - 1905

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15
Q

He introduced a test designed to measure adult intelligence

A

David Wechsler - 1939 (Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale or W-B)

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16
Q

Group intelligence tests came into being in the United States in response to the Military’s need.

A

World War 1

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17
Q

He developed the Personal Data Sheet

A

Robert Woodworth

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18
Q

Measure of adjustment and emotional stability

A

Personal Data Sheet

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19
Q

1st widely used self-report of personality

A

Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory

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20
Q

Process whereby assessee themselves supply information through response, diary, or self-monitoring thoughts and behaviors

A

Self-report

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21
Q

An individual is assumed to project into some ambiguous stimulus his or her own unique needs, fears, hopes, and motivation

A

Projective Test

22
Q

Best known projective test

A

Rorschach Inkblot (Hermann Rorschach)

23
Q

The socially transmitted behavior patterns, beliefs, and products of work of a particular population, community, or group of people.

A

Culture

24
Q

Used interpreters in test administrations, employed a bilingual psychologist and administered mental tests to selected immigrants who appeared mentally-retarded; genetic nature of mental deficiency

A

Henry Goddard

25
Q

Tests used with people from one culture but not from another

A

Culture-specific tests

26
Q

The examiner and the examinee must speak the same language

A

Verbal Communication

27
Q

Facial expressions, finger and hand signs, and shifts in one’s position in space may all convey messages

A

Nonverbal Communication and Behavior

28
Q

Evaluative standard of the people (may depend on culture)

A

Standards of Evaluation

29
Q

Value placed on traits such as self-reliance, autonomy, independence, uniqueness, and competitiveness

A

Individualist Culture

30
Q

Value placed on traits such as conformity, cooperation, interdependence, group goals.

A

Collectivist Culture

31
Q

Rules thought to be for the good of society as a whole

A

Laws

32
Q

Body of principles of right, proper, or good conduct

A

Ethics

33
Q

Standard of care expected of members of that profession

A

Code of Professional Ethics

34
Q

Average professional would provide diagnostic or therapeutic services under the same condition

A

Standard of Care

35
Q

Passed at the state level beginning in 1980s; give testtakers a way to learn the criteria by which they are being judged

A

Truth-in-testing legislation

36
Q

Fixed number of applicants from certain backgrounds were selected

A

Quota System

37
Q

Practice of making distinctions in hiring, promotion, etc. that tend to favor the MAJORITY group regardless of actual qualifications for positions

A

Discrimination

38
Q

Practice of making distinctions in hiring, promotion, etc. that tend to favor the MINORITY group regardless of actual qualifications for positions

A

Reverse Discrimination

39
Q

Consequence of employer’s hiring practice that was INTENTIONALLY devised to yield some discriminatory result

A

Disparate Treatment

40
Q

Consequence of employer’s hiring practice that was UNINTENTIONALLY devised to yield some discriminatory result

A

Disparate Impact

41
Q

Judge-made law’ court mediated resolution of legal matters of a civil, criminal, or administrative nature

A

Litigation

42
Q

Test or aids that can be adequately be administered, scored, and interpreted with the aid of the manual and a general orientation to the kind of institution or organization in which one is working (achievement and proficiency test)

A

Level A

43
Q

Test or aids that require some technical knowledge of test construction and use and of supporting psychological and educational field such as statistics, individual differences, psychology of adjustment, personnel psychology, and guidance (aptitude test, adjustment inventories)

A

Level B

44
Q

Tests or aids that require substantial understanding of testing and supporting psychological fields together with supervised experience in the use of these devices (projective tests, individual mental tests)

A

Level C

45
Q

Testing people with disabilities

A
  1. Transforming the test into a form that can be taken by the test taker.
  2. Transforming the responses of test taker so that they are scorable.
  3. Meaningfully interpreting the test data.
46
Q

Test takers have the right to know why they are being evaluated, how the test data will be used, and what information will be released to whom

A

The Right of Informed Consent

47
Q

Test takers have the right to be informed, in language they can understand, of the nature of the findings with respect to a test they have taken

A

The Right to be Informed of Test Findings

48
Q

Freedom of the individual to pick and choose for himself the time, circumstances, and particularly the extent to which he wishes to share or withhold

A

Privacy

49
Q

It is information that is protected by law from disclosure in a legal proceeding

A

Privileged

50
Q

Protects client from disclosure outside the courtroom

A

Confidentiality

51
Q

The least stigmatizing label should always be assigned when reporting test results

A

The Right to the Least Stigmatizing Label

PsyAss (Quiz Bee) (4 decks)

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