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Psych 101 - Test 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The _____ receives information from other neurons and the _____ sends that information on to the next neuron.

A

dendrite; axon

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2
Q

In order to process information from the external world, _____ receive input from the body and transfer the information to the brain through the spinal cord.

A

sensory neurons

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3
Q 
Neurons: 
 A. receive input from the body. 
B. communicate with one another to process information. 
C. send messages to the body. 
D. do all of the things mentioned here.
A

D. do all of the things mentioned here

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4
Q

Increasing the electrical signal beyond the threshold that initiates an action potential has what effect on a neuron?

A

it does not increase the strength of the action potential.

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5
Q

Information is transmitted within the neuron as a(n) _____ signal, and information transmission between neurons is a(n) _____ signal.

A

electrical; chemical

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6
Q

_____ affects dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, influencing the systems that help us perceive visual images.

A

Methamphetamine

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7
Q

The main focus of the nervous system is to:
A. convey electrochemical signals within the brain only.
B. provide a large network of interacting nerve fibers passing information throughout the body.
C. transmit emotions.
D. prepare the body to respond to emergencies.

A

B. Proved a large network of interacting nerve fibers passing information throughout the body.

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8
Q

The central nervous system is composed of:

A

Brain; spinal cord

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9
Q 
The spinal cord allows us to: 
 A. continue breathing. 
B. walk. 
C. move our muscles 
D. do all of these things.
A

D. do all of these things

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10
Q

The visual pathway projects from the retina, along the optic nerve, through the thalamus to the:

A

occipital lobe

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11
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for movement, abstract thinking, and planning?

A

frontal lobe

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12
Q

Jayden damaged his motor cortex during a car accident, but over time, part of the frontal lobe cortex nearby began to coordinate some muscle movements. This is an example of:

A

brain plasticity

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13
Q 
What guides the development of the brain for both an individual and a species?
A. dopamine 
B. genes 
C. the frontal lobe 
D. the X chromosome
A

B. genes

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14
Q

_____ consist of strands of DNA wound around each other.

A

Chromosomes

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15
Q

Monozygotic twins share _____ of their genes.

A

100%

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16
Q

Why is it informative to study people with damage to certain regions of the brain?

A

These patients often demonstrate problems performing specific behaviors, and we can correlate this behavior with the specific region that has been damaged.

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17
Q 
Functional neuroimaging techniques, such as PET and fMRI, allow researchers to \_\_\_\_\_ brain activity in certain areas with particular behaviors.
A. directly link 
B. establish cause and effect between 
C. correlate 
D. coordinate
A

C. correlate

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18
Q

Although neurons do not physically touch each other, the synapse is a small gap between neurons where:

A

information from the axon of one neuron is sent to the dendrite of another neuron.

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19
Q

The three basic parts of a neuron include the:

A

cell body, axon, dendrite

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20
Q

The synapse is located between the _____ and _____ of neighboring cells.

A

axon; dendrite

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21
Q

The three major types of neurons include:

A

sensory, motor, and interneurons

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22
Q

During the _____, the ions of the neuron are imbalanced and it _____ immediately send another signal.

A

refractory period, cannot

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23
Q

The _____ processes and coordinates sensory input from the body in order to send signals from the brain and spinal cord back to the muscles and bones in the body.

A

central nervous system

24
Q

Olu is hiking in the woods when he comes across a bear. What part of the nervous system is coordinating his body as he decides whether he should run away from the bear or stay still?

A

sympathetic nervous system

25
Q

After damage to the spinal cord, the amount of function that is lost:

A

is based on the localization of the damage.

26
Q

With only which two portions of your central nervous system could you survive?

A

hindbrain, midbrain

27
Q

As part of the limbic system, the _____ attaches significance to previously neutral events that are associated with fear, punishment, or reward.

A

amygdala

28
Q

Information that is received on the left side of the body is processed in _____ of the brain.

A

the right hemisphere

29
Q

Compared with vertebrates, invertebrates lack a hierarchical organization of their:

A

central nervous system

30
Q

What guides the development of the brain for both an individual and a species?

A

genes

31
Q

_____ consist of strands of DNA wound around each other.

A

chromosomes

32
Q

The benefit of using functional neuroimaging techniques is that they allow researchers to:
A. observe dynamic activity of the brain as it happens during specific tasks.
B. produce static pictures of the brain that help locate damaged areas.
C. determine cause and effect relationships between brain and behavior.
D. make fundamental discoveries about the nature of sleep.

A

A. observe dynamic activity of the brain as it happens during specific tasks

33
Q

Split-brain studies revealed that:

A

certain tasks and behaviors seem to be localized to either the right or left hemisphere

34
Q

Results from neuroimaging methods have largely _____ the results from observational studies performed with brain-damaged patients.

A

supported

35
Q

Janell holds her hand close to a fire. Her _____ allow her to feel the heat, while her _____ allow her to move her hand away from the fire.

A

sensory neurons; motor neurons

36
Q

Neurons are functionally _____, in that they support _____ functions.

A

distinct; 3 major types of

37
Q

Within a neuron, information is transmitted as a(n) _____ from the dendrites to the cell body and throughout the axon.

A

electrical

38
Q

The myelinated sheath of an axon:

A. functions as a protective barrier to guard against disease.
B. allows for faster transmission of signals to other neurons, organs, or muscles.
C. receives information from other neurons.
D. keeps the cell body alive.

A

B. allows for faster transmission of signals to other neurons, organs, or muscles.

39
Q

In order for a neurotransmitter to affect surrounding neurons the molecular structure of the neurotransmitter must fit into the _____ like a key fits into a lock.

A

receptor

40
Q

Compared with the _____, we have voluntary control over the _____.

A

autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system

41
Q

The central nervous system is composed of:

A

brain and spinal cord

42
Q 
Damage to this area of your brain could leave you unable to navigate your way through a room.
A.	pons
B.	medulla
C.	tectum
D.	amygdala
A

tectum

43
Q

As part of the limbic system, the _____ attaches significance to previously neutral events that are associated with fear, punishment, or reward.

A

c. amygdala

44
Q

When the face or arm of an amputee is stimulated, what happens?

A

the individual reports feeling a phantom limb

45
Q

_____ direct(s) and produce(s) human behaviors, personality traits, and even psychological disorders.

A

both genes and the environment

46
Q

Which of the following points about heritability is FALSE?
A. Heritability tells us nothing about specific genes that contribute to a trait.
B. Heritability tells us nothing about an individual.
C. Heritability is not dependent on the environment.
D. Heritability is not fate.

A

c. Heritability is not dependent on the environment

47
Q

Dr. Billings studies brain wave patterns that occur when people are dreaming. He attaches a device to the outside of people’s skulls to measure electrical activity in the brain. What type of device is he using?

A

an EEG

48
Q

A split-brain patient is shown a picture of a dog on the left side of a computer screen and a picture of a tree on the right side of a computer screen. When asked to say what object he saw, he will report a _____. When asked to use his right hand to draw the object he saw, he will draw a picture of a _____.

A

tree; tree

49
Q

Research has shown that when certain groups of animals observe one another engaging in a particular behavior, some of the same neurons also become active in the observer animal. This is due to the action of what type of neuron?

A

mirror neurons

50
Q

The first stage of neural communication, _____, is the movement of the signal within a single neuron. _____ is the movement of a signal between neurons.

A

conduction; transmission

51
Q

In order for a neuron to respond to a particular neurotransmitter it must possess a(n) _____ for that neurochemical.

A

receptor

52
Q

Drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter are called:

A

agonists

53
Q

What is TRUE about the spinal cord?
A. All areas are responsible for the same functions.
B. Different areas have different functions.
C. Damage lower in the spinal cord leads to greater loss of function.
D. The spinal cord quickly grows back after damage.

A

B. Different areas have different functions

54
Q 
Denton could pitch a baseball in what looked like one effortless and smooth movement. What part of the hindbrain is most associated with this highly coordinated motion?
A.	pons
B.	cerebellum
C.	medulla
D.	spinal cord
A

B. Cerebellum

55
Q

How does cardiovascular exercise affect brain structures?
A. It decreases the number of synaptic connections in the brain.
B. It promotes neuron growth in the amygdala.
C. It promotes neuron growth and increased synaptic connections in the hippocampus.
D. It decreases the plasticity of the brain.

A

C. it promotes neuron growth and increased synaptic connections in the hippocampus

56
Q 
Functional neuroimaging techniques, such as PET and fMRI, allow researchers to \_\_\_\_\_ brain activity in certain areas with particular behaviors.
A.	directly link
B.	establish cause and effect between
C.	correlate
D.	coordinate
A

C. correlate

Psych 101 - Test 1 (3 decks)

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