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SOC 1101 > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

how do we learn about cultures

A

interaction observation and imitation

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2
Q

what system is aprt of every known society

A

rule making

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3
Q

nature vs nurture

A

Biologically determined vs social environment

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4
Q

define material culture

A

physical or tangible creation that members of society, make, use, and share

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5
Q

define nonmaterial culture

A

abstract or intangible human creations of society (attitudes, beliefs, and values)

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6
Q

Customs and practices that occur
across all societies (sports, bodily
adornments, feasting).

symbols
cultural universals
tradition
component of culture

A

cultural universals

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7
Q

What are the 2 perspectives on cultural universals

A

useful b/c ensure smooth operation of society

imposed by more dominant society on less dominant societies

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8
Q

name components of cultures

A

symbols
language
values
folkways
laws

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9
Q

why can’t culture exist w/o symbols

A

there would be no shared meaning among people

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10
Q

define Language and types

A

symbols that express ideas and enable communication with one another

verbal
nonverbal (gesture, written)

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10
Q

define Language and types

A

symbols that express ideas and enable communication with one another

verbal
nonverbal (gesture, written)

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11
Q

What is the hypothesis that states language shapes its speakers’ view of reality such as gendered language being present in some cultures but not others?

A

Sapir Whorf hypothesis

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12
Q

how is gender and language intertwined

A

using pronouns such as she/he
reinforcing women as sexual objects
position of powers
and masculine forms in general reference (mankind)

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13
Q

how does language race and ethnicity intertwine

A

expression may have ethnic overtones
black hearted, black and indigenous people being called uncivilized, “fought for rights” vs “given rights”

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14
Q

define values

A

collective ideas about what is right or wrong, desirable etc in particular culture

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15
Q

ideal vs real culture

A

values ppl in society say the hold vs what they actually follow

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16
Q

prescriptive vs proscriptive

A

appropriate behaviors vs inappropriate

17
Q

what are sanction

A

rewards for appropriate behavior or penalties for inappropriate behavior

18
Q

define folkways

A

informal norms that may be violated with no serious consequence within a culture

19
Q

Strongly held norms with moral and ethical connotations that may not be violated without serious consequences in a particular culture.

taboos
mores
laws
folkways

A

mores

20
Q

define taboos

A

Mores so strong that violation is extremely offensive and unmentionable

21
Q

define laws

A

formal norms that have legislature and are enforced by formal sanctions

22
Q

civil law vs criminal law

A

disputes between people vs public safety and well being

23
Q

define cultural change

A

changes in material and non material level due to technology updates

24
Q

new technologies make a ____ difference in lives
like printing press and computers

small
significant

A

signifcant

25
Q

define cultural lag

A

coined by William Ogburn

gap between technical Deveolpment (material) and its moral and legal institutions

26
Q

3 factors of change

A

discovery: learning something new or previously unrecognized

invention: reshaping existing cultural item in new form

diffusion: transmission of cultural items or social practice from one culture to another

27
Q

define subculture

A

group of people with distinctive belief that differs from larger society in significant way

28
Q

A group that strongly rejects dominant societal values and norms, and seeks alternative lifestyles is known as

A

counterculture

29
Q

The disorientation that people feel when they encounter cultures radically different from their own

culture shock
ethnocentrism
cultural difference

A

culture shock

30
Q

define ethnocentrisim

A

tendency to regard ones own culture as standard and superiors to other groups

31
Q

why is cultural relativism so important

A

belief that customs in any culture must be viewed by cultures own standards to help get beyond ethnocentric view and fight violation of basic human rights in cultures

32
Q

what was Pierre Bourdieay theory

A

high culture is used by dominant class to exclude subordinate class (university education gives cultural capital to be successful in life)

33
Q

fads vs fashoin

A

fad is temporary followed by large numbers of people vs fashion is valued styled of behavior and thinking that last longer and more widespread

34
Q

The extensive infusion of one nation’s culture into other nations is known as

A

cultural impearlism

35
Q

4 Sociological Analysis of Culture

A
  • Functionalist
  • Conflict
  • Symbolic Interactionist
  • Postmodern
36
Q

functionalist perspective

A

culture is important to bio and physical need, law and education and religion and art

overtly focuses on stability to be significant to society but overemphasize harmony and cooperation while also failing to account for other factors

37
Q

DELETE

A

IGNORE

38
Q

conflict perspective/theory

A

values and norms create and sustain privileged positions while excluding other. creates consumption of commodities– objects outside ourselves to satisfy needs and wants

conflict of race, gender, and popular culture (negative stereotype of black women)

strength in social inequalities, but small scoped only focused on divisivness

39
Q

Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives

A

society is sum of all peoples interaction, interaction, create, modify, maintain culture in daily life

Simmel material and no material take on a life of its own. On money, meant for exchange of foods and services but no money affects social world and social status

highlight changing culture with interaction but no framework and doesn’t account for larger social structures

40
Q

postmodern perspective

A

Eurocentric lens conditions view of culture and produce a simulated (unreal) version of the world

media exposure creates hyperreality.

emphasizes that single perspective cannot fully grasp complexity and diversity of social world

reality may not be what it seems but lacks clear conceptualized ideas and pessimistic

SOC 1101 (3 decks)

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