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Biol 389-Immuno > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

complement system

A

cascade of proteolytic cleavage reactions
tag pathogens of phagocytosis and directly kill pathogens by creating holes in their membranes (MAC)

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2
Q

complement activation

A

activation of the complement system

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3
Q

C3 convertase enzyme

A

cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b

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4
Q

C3a

A

acts as anaphylatoxin to induce inflammation, recruit phagocytes and induce degranulation

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5
Q

C3b

A

covalently attaches to pathogen surface to induce phagocytosis

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6
Q

alternative pathway

A

spontaneous, already initiated and ready to go whenever pathogen enters body

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7
Q

lectin pathway

A

activated by recognition of bacterial oligosaccharides ending in mannose, fucose

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8
Q

classical pathway

A

best activated by antibodies bound to pathogen surface

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9
Q

iC3

A

binds factor B, cleaved by factor D forming Ba and Bb fragments giving iC3bBb

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10
Q

iC3Bb

A

cleaves C3 to form C3a and C3b which attaches to pathogen surface

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11
Q

alternative pathway C3 convertase C3bBb

A

cleaves more C3 to form C3b that covalently attaches to pathogen surface to react with factor B and factor D to form more alternative C3 convertase
a nonspecific positive feedback loop

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12
Q

properdin (factor P)

A

accelerator
stabilizes C3bBb on pathogen cell surfaces

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13
Q

factor H

A

brake
binds C3b and promotes cleavage of C3b by factor I to form inactive iC3b

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14
Q

decay accelerating factor (DAF)

A

inactivates C3bBb by promoting dissociation of Bb from C3b

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15
Q

membrane cofactor protein (MCP)

A

binds C3bBb and promotes dissociation of Bb and cleavage of remaining C3b by factor I to form inactive iC3b

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16
Q

complement receptor CR1

A

on macrophages
binds C3b
stimulates phagocytosis

17
Q

complement receptors CR3 and CR4

A

binds iC3b
on macrophages
stimulate phagocytosis

18
Q

alternative C5 convertase

A

formed by C3bBb recruiting another molecule of C3b to form C3b2Bb
cleaves C5 to C5a and C5b`

19
Q

C5b

A

associates with C6 and C7
exposed hydrophobic region of C7 allows association of C5b67 with pathogen membrane

20
Q

C3a and C5a

A

provoke inflammation
increase vascular permeability
induce granulation of mast cells and permeability
act as a chemoattractant for phagocytes
increase expression of complement receptors

21
Q

mannose binding lectin (MBL)

A

binds to mannose on pathogen cell surfaces
complexed with proteases MASP1 and MASP2

22
Q

C-reactive protein

A

binds to phosphocholine on pathogen cell surfaces

23
Q

Opsonins

A

MBL and C-reactive proteins
monocytes and macrophages have receptors for each

24
Q

classical C3 convertase, C2b4b

A

MBL binding activates associated MASP1 and MASP2
C1q binding to C-reactive protein or immunoglobulin complexes activates associated C1r and C1s
cleaves C4 and C2 to form C2b4b

25
Q

blood coagulation system

A

minimizes blood loss
hinders entry of pathogens into circulation
platelets release prostaglandin
bradykinin causes vasodilation

26
Q

alpha2 macroglobulin

A

cages
protease attack exposes internal thioester that bonds with protease then undergoes shape change to enclose protease and prevent access of other substrates

27
Q

defensins

A

alpha made by neutrophils
beta made by various epithelial

28
Q

abnormal clearance of gram + bacteria

A

PAMPs masked from PRRs of innate immune cells
opsonization to complement facilitates clearance by phagocytes

29
Q

Which is ONLY active in the classical complement cascade?

A

C1

30
Q

Which complement protein forms the pore in the membrane attack complex?

A

C9

31
Q

What is the main opsin in the complement cascade?

A

C3b

32
Q

Which complement cascade involves the action of MASPs?

A

alternative

33
Q

Which is the C3 convertase of the alternative cascade?

A

C3bBbP

34
Q

Which of the complement cascades acts the fastest?

A

alternative

35
Q

What is the main anaphylatoxin produced in the complement cascade?

A

C5a

36
Q

What is the function of properdin?

A

Stabilize C3 convertase

37
Q

What is the function of DAF?

A

Degrade C3 convertase

Biol 389-Immuno (5 decks)

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