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Biol 389-Immuno > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

immune response

A

mechanisms used by organisms to defend themselves against microorganisms or foreign particles

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2
Q

immunity

A

state of being resistant to infection by a specific pathogen

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3
Q

Girolamo Fracastoro

A

states diseases caused by seed-like entities transmitted by in/direct contact, contributed to germ theory

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4
Q

germ theory

A

diseases caused by pathogens

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5
Q

pathogens

A

microorganisms with potential to cause disease

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6
Q

agostino bassi

A

silk worms by fungi

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7
Q

ignaz semmelweis

A

child bed fever and its transmissible

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8
Q

louis pasteur

A

identified causative organisms

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9
Q

robert koch

A

koch postulates

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10
Q

edward jenner

A

developed smallpox vaccine from cowpox disease

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11
Q

Paul ehrich

A

granulocytes

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12
Q

Ilya mechnikov

A

white blood cells capable of phagocytosis

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13
Q

emil von behring and shibasaburo kitasato

A

antibody discovery

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14
Q

opportunistic pathogen

A

cause diseases only when the immune system is not functioning properly or enters a site where it can grow uncontrollably

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15
Q

extracellular pathogens

A

outside the cells of organisms infected

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16
Q

intracellular pathogens

A

mainly reside within organisms cells

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17
Q

physcial barriers

A

skin and mucosa

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18
Q

innate immunity

A

non-specific present from birth

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19
Q

adaptive immunity

A

specific immunity learned after coming in contact with a pathogen

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20
Q

antigens

A

substances recognized as foreign from ones self

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21
Q

B cells

A

immune cells that use cell surface protein, immunoglobulin, to bind and recognize an antigen

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22
Q

humoral immunity

A

immunity from antibodies directly

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23
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

indirectly recognizes unidentified pathogens

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24
Q

T cells

A

immune cells that use cell T-cell receptor protein to bind and recognize an antigen

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25
Q

self-antigens

A

components of normal tissue that stimulate an immune response

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26
Q

tolerance

A

inactivation of immune response to self during B and T cell development

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27
Q

skin epithelium and mucous membranes

A

prevent entry of pathogens
flush and replenish destructive components

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28
Q

defensives

A

antimicrobial peptides secreted from epithelial cells

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29
Q

microbiota

A

collection of microorganisms that normally inhabit a body

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30
Q

granulocytes

A

contain granules within cytoplasm

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31
Q

neutrophils

A

specialize in phagocytosis, ~70% white blood cells

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32
Q

eosinophils, basophils, mast cells

A

rash, inflammatory signal

33
Q

agranulocytes

A

do not contain granules in the cytoplasm

34
Q

lymphocytes

A

B cells and T cells

35
Q

monocytes

A

differentiate into dendritic cells and macrophages

36
Q

hematopoiesis

A

formation of blood cells
produces erythrocytes, megakaryocytes and leukocytes

37
Q

progenitor cells

A

hematopoietic stem cells differentiated for a specific cell line

38
Q

myeloid progenitor

A

innate immunity and antigen presentation
granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells

39
Q

NK

A

natural killer

40
Q

antigen-presenting cells

A

engulfing material into peptides present at surface for T cells

41
Q

macrophages

A

long living cells specialize in phagocytosis

42
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

43
Q

cytokines

A

signaling molecules of immune response

44
Q

Dendritic cells

A

phagocytosis and pathogen destruction
link innate and adaptive response
antigen uptake
process many pathogens

45
Q

lymphoid progenitor innate cells

A

ILCs and NK cells

46
Q

innate lymphoid cells (ILC)

A

secrete cytokines to activate innate immune cells

47
Q

natural killer (NK) cells

A

prevent viral infections
recognize and destroy cells
secrete cytokines to minimize viral replication

48
Q

cytotoxic t cells

A

attack pathogen-infected cells
from t cells

49
Q

helper t cells

A

activate other cells
from t cells

50
Q

plasma cells

A

from b cells
produce antibodies that bind and neutralize pathogens and toxins

51
Q

inflammation

A

increased fluid at the site of infection when innate immune system cells recognize and release cytokines or mediators

52
Q

inflammatory mediators

A

vasodilation
secretion of proteins
recruit leukocytes at infection site
move dendritic cells and antigens to lymphoid tissue
fever

53
Q

fever

A

rise in temperature caused by cytokines and inflammatory mediators
lowers rate of replication for many pathogens
increase adaptive immune response activity

54
Q

clonal selection

A

recognition of antigen from highly specific T call and B cell receptors

55
Q

clonal expansion

A

cell proliferation and differentiation of T and B cells

56
Q

effector cells

A

daughter cells that recognize the same antigen

57
Q

memory cells

A

long lived cells capable of activation if exposed to the same pathogen

58
Q

primary lymphoid tissues

A

sites where lymphocytes develop and mature
bone marrow
thymus

59
Q

bone marrow

A

b and t cells produced
b cells mature

60
Q

thymus

A

t cells develop and mature

61
Q

secondary lymphoid tissue

A

where antigen from pathogens is presented and lymphocytes are activated in response
lymph nodes
spleen
tonsils
peyers patches

62
Q

lymph nodes

A

connect between circulatory and lymphatic systems
drain extracellular fluid lymph from tissues to blood
facilitating antigen presentation and activation of adaptive immune response
contain lymphoid follicles

63
Q

lymphoid follicles

A

t cell and b cell region
dendritic cells present to t cells in to cell are to effector cells
effector cells migrate to lymphoid follicles to activate v cells

64
Q

spleen

A

macrophages and dendritic cells reside in stream important for bloodborne pathogens
activate t cells and be cells

65
Q

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

A

digestive, respirator, urogenital tracts
gain antigens for presentation to lymphocytes through M cells

66
Q

hypersensitivity reactions

A

allergies
activate granulocytes, induce localized symptoms to expel allergen
over rambunctious

67
Q

autoimmune diseases

A

b cell and t cells that recognize self-molecules enter circulatory and lymphatic systems
cause inflammation or destruction of tissue
too much

68
Q

immunodefeciencies

A

lack of immune system function
inherited through genetic mutation
acquired through envirn

69
Q

immunodefeciencies

A

lack of immune system function
inherited through genetic mutation
acquired through environmental factors or infection
immune cells cant mount proper response
not enoug

70
Q

immunodeficiencies

A

lack of immune system function
inherited through genetic mutation
acquired through environmental factors or infection
immune cells cant mount proper response
not enough

71
Q

cancer

A

immune system cant detect mutation changes as foreign and eliminate cells that acquire them

72
Q

What part of our immune defenses is involved in making antibodies?

A

humoral immunity

73
Q

Which can arise from both the lymphoid and myeloid cell lines?

A

dendritic cells

74
Q

Which of these is not a secondary lymphoid tissue?

A

thymus

75
Q

Who developed a vaccine for smallpox?

A

Pasteur

76
Q

What cells of the innate immune response eliminate virally infected host cells?

A

NK cells

77
Q

Which is true of our innate immunity?

A

it is non-specific

78
Q

Who discovered that silkworm disease can be caused by a fungus?

A

Bassi

Biol 389-Immuno (5 decks)

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