Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are the 4 varieties of learning?
Fact Learning
Strengthening
Skill aquisition
Conditioning
What is Fact learning?
Forming new memories in declarative memory.
What is strengthening?
Make memories more available by exposure
What is skill aquisition?
Aquisition of new procedures in procedural memory
What is conditioning?
experience helps us learn to effectively select actions in different situations
Where is the hippocampus?
It is a subcortical structure located in the medial temporal cortex.
What does it do?
It has input from almost the entire cortex and has connections back to most of the cortex as well. Makes it ideal for storing memories.
What are some of the limitations of declarative memory in terms of size?
Physical and metabolic costs
Flexibility causes it to throw away memories that are unlikely to be needed
Additional memories can interfere with each other
What is another way memories can be stored?
Memories can also be transferred to neocortical regions by rehearsal. Slowly train itself by repeated exposure.
What is memory limited by and how does the declarative memory account for that?
The memory is limited by the structure, so the declarative memory devotes its limited resources the most important and needed.
What is the equation of how likely a memory is needed at the time since last usage?
odds = At^-d
Explain the symbols in odds = At^-d?
A is a scaling constant
t is the time passed
d is the decay
In what type of functions are recency and frequency described?
Recency is a power-function
Frequency is an additive function
What does the frequency function show?
The more times and item has occured, the higher the odds of it appearing again
What is the whole function of how likely a memory is needed?
sum from k=1 to n : Atk^-d
tk as the time since the k-th occurence
n the number of occurences
