Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is a Cognitive Architecture?
Is a unified theory of cognition, should explain as much as possible of cognition within one theory, should allow end-to-end processing, and should be precise enough for computer implementation
What are alternatives to cognitive architecture?
Ignoring certain parts of the brain.
Classic information-Processing Psychology: Ignore the brain
Eliminative Connectionism: Ignore the mind
Rational Analyses: Ignore the architecture
What is Classic Information-Processing Psychology?
Ignore the brain
What is a problem with Classic Information-Processing Psychology?
Specifying a building’s architecture, while ignoring what it is made of
What did connectionist argue against information processing?
Processing was different in brains and computers. Brain operates in parallel but slowly. Computers in sequence but rapidly
What is Eliminative Connectionism?
Ignore the mind, just describe what is happening in the brain
What is a skepticism in Eliminative Connectionism?
It is like understanding a house in terms of board and bricks, without understanding the function of these parts
What is Rational Analysis?
The mind and brain have to survive in the real world. Focus on the adaptation to the environment
Why is it similar to bayesian?
Predict their cognition just from knowing that they do it somehow. Using priors and likehoods to posterior cognition and behavior
What is a problem with Rational Analysis?
Not in-depth on the function of the mind
What is ACT-R?
Is a cognitive architecture tool to describe the mind
What are the multiple modules in ACT-R?
Manual Control, Visual Perception, Procedural Memory, Declarative memory, WM: imaginal, Control: Goal
What are the corresponding buffers to the modules?
Manual Buffer, Visual-Location and Visual Buffer, Retrieval Buffer, Imaginal buffer, Goal buffer
Where are they located?
Anterior Cingulate: Control state and Declarative memory
Motor Cortex: Manual Control
Posterior Parietal: Problem state
Fusiform: Visual Perception
Striatum: Production system
How does ACT-R assume?
Like rational analysis. Meaning memory is adapted to the environment
How will it remember?
It will remember based on recency and frequency
How does ACT-R have procedural memory?
In the form of productions, it stores skills or sequences of skills and actions
How does ACT-R have declarative memory?
In the form of chunks, it stores facts
What kind of levels of abstraction is ACT-R made of?
It is a hybrid of symbolic and subsymbolic
What is symbolic abstraction?
The abstraction of knowledge encoded by the brain. Chunks and Productions
What is subsymbolic abstraction?
The abstraction of the neural computation making knowledge available
What type is this:
Chunks:
7 + 5 = 12
7 + 6 = 13
12 / 3 = 4
Symbolic
What type is this:
Activation of the chunk.
Subsymbolic
What does activation determine?
The likelihood of a chunk being retrieved
Whether a chunk can be retrieved
The time it takes for a chunk to be retrieved
