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Archetecture of intelligence > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Cognitive Architecture?

A

Is a unified theory of cognition, should explain as much as possible of cognition within one theory, should allow end-to-end processing, and should be precise enough for computer implementation

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2
Q

What are alternatives to cognitive architecture?

A

Ignoring certain parts of the brain.
Classic information-Processing Psychology: Ignore the brain
Eliminative Connectionism: Ignore the mind
Rational Analyses: Ignore the architecture

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3
Q

What is Classic Information-Processing Psychology?

A

Ignore the brain

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4
Q

What is a problem with Classic Information-Processing Psychology?

A

Specifying a building’s architecture, while ignoring what it is made of

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5
Q

What did connectionist argue against information processing?

A

Processing was different in brains and computers. Brain operates in parallel but slowly. Computers in sequence but rapidly

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6
Q

What is Eliminative Connectionism?

A

Ignore the mind, just describe what is happening in the brain

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7
Q

What is a skepticism in Eliminative Connectionism?

A

It is like understanding a house in terms of board and bricks, without understanding the function of these parts

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8
Q

What is Rational Analysis?

A

The mind and brain have to survive in the real world. Focus on the adaptation to the environment

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9
Q

Why is it similar to bayesian?

A

Predict their cognition just from knowing that they do it somehow. Using priors and likehoods to posterior cognition and behavior

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10
Q

What is a problem with Rational Analysis?

A

Not in-depth on the function of the mind

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11
Q

What is ACT-R?

A

Is a cognitive architecture tool to describe the mind

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12
Q

What are the multiple modules in ACT-R?

A

Manual Control, Visual Perception, Procedural Memory, Declarative memory, WM: imaginal, Control: Goal

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13
Q

What are the corresponding buffers to the modules?

A

Manual Buffer, Visual-Location and Visual Buffer, Retrieval Buffer, Imaginal buffer, Goal buffer

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14
Q

Where are they located?

A

Anterior Cingulate: Control state and Declarative memory
Motor Cortex: Manual Control
Posterior Parietal: Problem state
Fusiform: Visual Perception
Striatum: Production system

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15
Q

How does ACT-R assume?

A

Like rational analysis. Meaning memory is adapted to the environment

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16
Q

How will it remember?

A

It will remember based on recency and frequency

17
Q

How does ACT-R have procedural memory?

A

In the form of productions, it stores skills or sequences of skills and actions

18
Q

How does ACT-R have declarative memory?

A

In the form of chunks, it stores facts

19
Q

What kind of levels of abstraction is ACT-R made of?

A

It is a hybrid of symbolic and subsymbolic

20
Q

What is symbolic abstraction?

A

The abstraction of knowledge encoded by the brain. Chunks and Productions

21
Q

What is subsymbolic abstraction?

A

The abstraction of the neural computation making knowledge available

22
Q

What type is this:
Chunks:
7 + 5 = 12
7 + 6 = 13
12 / 3 = 4

A

Symbolic

23
Q

What type is this:
Activation of the chunk.

A

Subsymbolic

24
Q

What does activation determine?

A

The likelihood of a chunk being retrieved
Whether a chunk can be retrieved
The time it takes for a chunk to be retrieved

25
Q

What do the BOLD responses in the prefrontal and motor cortex, for the different learning phases look like?

A

See Image in summary

26
Q

What is the BOLD response for Cognitive phase in aural visual?

A

Start at 0, peak at around 6 for all. Feedback is different for read and heard

27
Q

What does BOLD stand for?

A

Blood oxygen level-dependent

28
Q

What are the different learning phases?

A

Cognitive phase, Associative phase, autonomous phase

29
Q

What is the BOLD response for Cognitive phase in prefrontal?

A

Start at 0, difference in height and endpoint per difficulty. Reach prefrontal around t=4,5 because oxygenated blood has to go their

30
Q

Why is there a different in height in the BOLD response for Cognitive phase in the prefrontal cortex.

A

because of a greater response when an item has a lower activation, hard time computing harder problems

31
Q

What is the BOLD response for Cognitive phase in motor?

A

Start just before reaction times accross difficulties, same height, peak around 4 seconds later

32
Q

What is the BOLD response for later phases?

A

Response shifts a little forward in time
All three difficulties overlap and speadup in the associative phase

33
Q

What goes on the x axis and y axis for BOLD responses?

A

x axis: time during trial (seconds)
y axis: Percent change in BOLD response

Archetecture of intelligence (6 decks)

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