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General Zoology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

_____ makes easier phenomena easier to predict

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

It explains why certain reactions among molecules will take place, and why particular molecular combinations will be stable

A

Chemistry

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3
Q

It is the building blocks of life

A

Molecules

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4
Q

These are enormous molecules that are almost always synthesized by living things

A

Macromolecules

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5
Q

What are the basic chemical building block from which all organisms are assembled?

A

Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic acids

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6
Q

What are the two major groups of molecules?

A

Organic and inorganic molecules

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7
Q

These molecules do not contain carbon, are generally found in the physical environment, and includes oxygen, CO2, water, and minerals

A

Inorganic molecules

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8
Q

A universal solvent, constitutes 55% to 90% of cells

A

Water

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9
Q

What is a molecule with charges on opposite sides called?

A

Polar molecule

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10
Q

The ability of water to dissolve substances is due to its polar nature, True or False?

A

True

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11
Q

Substances that readily dissolve in water

A

Hydrophilic or water-loving

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12
Q

It is the principle behind the rising of water against the force of gravity (tendency of water molecules to stick together)

A

Cohesion or cohesive

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13
Q

Insects can skate across the surface of still water because of the ______ (measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid)

A

Surface tension or tension

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14
Q

An inorganic molecule that is an efficient temperature regulator (temperature buffer)

A

Water

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15
Q

It acts as a medium for metabolic activities

A

Water

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16
Q

Chemical compounds that contain carbon

A

Organic molecules

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17
Q

An atom that is very good at performing large, chain-like molecules

A

Carbon (called carbon chain)

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18
Q

What is carbon atoms linked together called?

A

Carbon chain

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19
Q

It forms the framework of biological molecules

A

Carbon chain

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20
Q

Carbon chains can only be straight, True or False?

A

False
They can be straight, branched, or closed into rings

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21
Q

Macromolecules are under of?

A

Biomolecules

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22
Q

Carbohydrates contain many CH bonds, True or False?

A

True

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23
Q

This is an organic molecule (biomolecule) that is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a ratio of 1:2:1

A

Carbohydrates

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24
Q

What are the three groups of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

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25
Q

What are the main functions of carbohydrates?

A

Energy storage (food), structural components (cell walls with polysaccharides), and communication (membrane receptors)

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26
Q

A basic monomer and simplest carbohydrate

A

Monosaccharides

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27
Q

What are some examples of monosaccharides?

A

Mannose, fructose, and pentose (ribose and deoxyribose)

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28
Q

This is when two monosaccharides are joined by condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis)

A

Disaccharides

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29
Q

What are some examples of disaccharides?

A

Maltose and sucrose (table sugar)

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30
Q

These are carbohydrates consisting of thousands of monosaccharides linked together with glycosidic bonds through dehydration synthesis

A

Polysaccharides

31
Q

It is represented by the empirical formula (C5H10O5)n

A

Polysaccharide

32
Q

Is glucose a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide?

A

Glucose is a monosaccharide

33
Q

A carbohydrate that serves as storage molecules that living things utilize to obtain energy

A

Polysaccharide

34
Q

A kind of polysaccharide stored in roots, tissues, and other parts of plant bodies. Plant cells break this down into glucose as a source of energy

35
Q

This is referred to as “animal starch”, is stored in the liver and muscle of animals

36
Q

Glucose can easily split off as energy source when needed by the body, True or False?

37
Q

A polysaccharide that is tough and rigid which encloses plant cells and the woody parts of the plant. This cannot be digested by the human body and therefore serves as fibers

38
Q

A polysaccharide that forms the outer covering of arthropods and cell walls of fungi like mushrooms

39
Q

A diverse group of non-polar organic molecules that contain hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen (some with nitrogen and phosphorus)

40
Q

Among the four organic molecules, lipids are the only ones soluble to water, True or False?

A

False
Lipids are insoluble to water

41
Q

Lipids are soluble to non-polar solvents like benzene, ether, and chloroform, True or False?

42
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A

Energy storage (food), build cell parts (cell membrane), protective covering that cushions organs, and forms an important part of hormones

43
Q

What are the two types of lipids?

A

Complex lipids and simple lipids

44
Q

These are lipids that contain fatty acids such as triglycerides and phospholipids

A

Complex lipids

45
Q

These are lipids that do not contain fatty acids such as cholesterol, plant pigments, some vitamins, and hormones

A

Simple lipids

46
Q

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides or sugars

47
Q

What are the building blocks of lipids?

A

Fatty acids (with glycerol)

48
Q

Fatty acid contains 14-22 carbon atoms, True or False?

49
Q

Fatty acid is a very non-polar molecule (hydrophobic)

50
Q

Saturated (stearic acid) vs Unsaturated (oleic acid)

A

Saturated: no double bonds, more hydrogen atoms, solid at room temperature
Unsaturated: has double carbon bonds, less hydrogen atoms, liquid at room temperature

51
Q

It is large organic molecule formed by dehydration synthesis of a molecule glycerol

52
Q

This is an amphipathic molecule due to its polar head and non-polar tail and composes the plasma membrane

A

Phospholipids

53
Q

The ________ of phospholipids is crucial to the structure and function of the plasma membrane

A

ambivalent behavior

54
Q

This macromolecule is probably the most complex and perform chemistry of life

55
Q

This contains, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (some contain phosphorus and sulfur)

56
Q

What are the types of protein?

A

Structural, enzymatic, storage, transport, contractile, defensive, and hormonal protein

57
Q

A building block that contains an amino group, carbon, hydrogen, carboxyl group, and a side chain

A

Amino acids

58
Q

Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds and polypeptide chains, True or False?

59
Q

There are 40 different amino acids found in proteins (side chain), True or False?

A

False
There are only 20 side chains

60
Q

A macromolecule that store genetic information

A

Nucleic acids

61
Q

It is composed of long chains of similar but not identical building blocks called nucleotides

A

Nucleic acids

62
Q

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids called?

A

Nucleotides

63
Q

Is ATP a nucleotide?

64
Q

Nucleotides are composed of?

A

Pentose, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

65
Q

Where is RNA manufactured?

A

In the nucleolus

66
Q

RNA is composed of what strand?

A

A single polynucleotide strand

67
Q

It is the materials that composes the genes passed on from generation of cells to the next

A

DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid

68
Q

DNA is composed of two polynucleotide strand forming a ______

A

double helix

69
Q

DNA base-pairing

A

Apples in the Trees and Cars in the Garage

70
Q

DNA molecules are very long with up to hundreds of base pairs, True or False?

A

False!
It has millions of base pairs

71
Q

What are RNA enzymes called?

72
Q

It is an RNA nucleotide that plays a key role in cellular metabolism

A

ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate

73
Q

It binds to a variety of proteins which serves as a SWITCH to turn on some proteins

A

GTP or Guanosine Triphosphate

General Zoology (5 decks)

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