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General Zoology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

_____ makes easier phenomena easier to predict

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

It explains why certain reactions among molecules will take place, and why particular molecular combinations will be stable

A

Chemistry

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3
Q

It is the building blocks of life

A

Molecules

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4
Q

These are enormous molecules that are almost always synthesized by living things

A

Macromolecules

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5
Q

What are the basic chemical building block from which all organisms are assembled?

A

Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic acids

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6
Q

What are the two major groups of molecules?

A

Organic and inorganic molecules

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7
Q

These molecules do not contain carbon, are generally found in the physical environment, and includes oxygen, CO2, water, and minerals

A

Inorganic molecules

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8
Q

A universal solvent, constitutes 55% to 90% of cells

A

Water

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9
Q

What is a molecule with charges on opposite sides called?

A

Polar molecule

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10
Q

The ability of water to dissolve substances is due to its polar nature, True or False?

A

True

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11
Q

Substances that readily dissolve in water

A

Hydrophilic or water-loving

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12
Q

It is the principle behind the rising of water against the force of gravity (tendency of water molecules to stick together)

A

Cohesion or cohesive

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13
Q

Insects can skate across the surface of still water because of the ______ (measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid)

A

Surface tension or tension

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14
Q

An inorganic molecule that is an efficient temperature regulator (temperature buffer)

A

Water

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15
Q

It acts as a medium for metabolic activities

A

Water

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16
Q

Chemical compounds that contain carbon

A

Organic molecules

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17
Q

An atom that is very good at performing large, chain-like molecules

A

Carbon (called carbon chain)

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18
Q

What is carbon atoms linked together called?

A

Carbon chain

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19
Q

It forms the framework of biological molecules

A

Carbon chain

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20
Q

Carbon chains can only be straight, True or False?

A

False
They can be straight, branched, or closed into rings

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21
Q

Macromolecules are under of?

A

Biomolecules

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22
Q

Carbohydrates contain many CH bonds, True or False?

A

True

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23
Q

This is an organic molecule (biomolecule) that is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a ratio of 1:2:1

A

Carbohydrates

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24
Q

What are the three groups of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

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25
What are the main functions of carbohydrates?
Energy storage (food), structural components (cell walls with polysaccharides), and communication (membrane receptors)
26
A basic monomer and simplest carbohydrate
Monosaccharides
27
What are some examples of monosaccharides?
Mannose, fructose, and pentose (ribose and deoxyribose)
28
This is when two monosaccharides are joined by condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis)
Disaccharides
29
What are some examples of disaccharides?
Maltose and sucrose (table sugar)
30
These are carbohydrates consisting of thousands of monosaccharides linked together with glycosidic bonds through dehydration synthesis
Polysaccharides
31
It is represented by the empirical formula (C5H10O5)n
Polysaccharide
32
Is glucose a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide?
Glucose is a monosaccharide
33
A carbohydrate that serves as storage molecules that living things utilize to obtain energy
Polysaccharide
34
A kind of polysaccharide stored in roots, tissues, and other parts of plant bodies. Plant cells break this down into glucose as a source of energy
Starch
35
This is referred to as "animal starch", is stored in the liver and muscle of animals
Glycogen
36
Glucose can easily split off as energy source when needed by the body, True or False?
True
37
A polysaccharide that is tough and rigid which encloses plant cells and the woody parts of the plant. This cannot be digested by the human body and therefore serves as fibers
Cellulose
38
A polysaccharide that forms the outer covering of arthropods and cell walls of fungi like mushrooms
Chitin
39
A diverse group of non-polar organic molecules that contain hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen (some with nitrogen and phosphorus)
Lipids
40
Among the four organic molecules, lipids are the only ones soluble to water, True or False?
False Lipids are insoluble to water
41
Lipids are soluble to non-polar solvents like benzene, ether, and chloroform, True or False?
True
42
What are the functions of lipids?
Energy storage (food), build cell parts (cell membrane), protective covering that cushions organs, and forms an important part of hormones
43
What are the two types of lipids?
Complex lipids and simple lipids
44
These are lipids that contain fatty acids such as triglycerides and phospholipids
Complex lipids
45
These are lipids that do not contain fatty acids such as cholesterol, plant pigments, some vitamins, and hormones
Simple lipids
46
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides or sugars
47
What are the building blocks of lipids?
Fatty acids (with glycerol)
48
Fatty acid contains 14-22 carbon atoms, True or False?
True
49
Fatty acid is a very non-polar molecule (hydrophobic)
True
50
Saturated (stearic acid) vs Unsaturated (oleic acid)
Saturated: no double bonds, more hydrogen atoms, solid at room temperature Unsaturated: has double carbon bonds, less hydrogen atoms, liquid at room temperature
51
It is large organic molecule formed by dehydration synthesis of a molecule glycerol
Fats
52
This is an amphipathic molecule due to its polar head and non-polar tail and composes the plasma membrane
Phospholipids
53
The ________ of phospholipids is crucial to the structure and function of the plasma membrane
ambivalent behavior
54
This macromolecule is probably the most complex and perform chemistry of life
Proteins
55
This contains, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (some contain phosphorus and sulfur)
Proteins
56
What are the types of protein?
Structural, enzymatic, storage, transport, contractile, defensive, and hormonal protein
57
A building block that contains an amino group, carbon, hydrogen, carboxyl group, and a side chain
Amino acids
58
Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds and polypeptide chains, True or False?
True
59
There are 40 different amino acids found in proteins (side chain), True or False?
False There are only 20 side chains
60
A macromolecule that store genetic information
Nucleic acids
61
It is composed of long chains of similar but not identical building blocks called nucleotides
Nucleic acids
62
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids called?
Nucleotides
63
Is ATP a nucleotide?
Yes
64
Nucleotides are composed of?
Pentose, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
65
Where is RNA manufactured?
In the nucleolus
66
RNA is composed of what strand?
A single polynucleotide strand
67
It is the materials that composes the genes passed on from generation of cells to the next
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
68
DNA is composed of two polynucleotide strand forming a ______
double helix
69
DNA base-pairing
Apples in the Trees and Cars in the Garage
70
DNA molecules are very long with up to hundreds of base pairs, True or False?
False! It has millions of base pairs
71
What are RNA enzymes called?
Ribozyme
72
It is an RNA nucleotide that plays a key role in cellular metabolism
ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate
73
It binds to a variety of proteins which serves as a SWITCH to turn on some proteins
GTP or Guanosine Triphosphate

General Zoology (5 decks)

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