Chapter 1

Question 1

Millions of species inhibit the earth, feeding directly and indirectly on lifeless sources of energy such as sunlight, True or False?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What are the properties of life?

Answer 2

Order, sensitivity or response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing

Question 3

In tiny bacteria, what is the movement toward or away from CHEMICALS called?

Answer 3

Chemotaxis

Question 4

In tiny bacteria, what is the movement toward or away from LIGHT called?

Answer 4

Phototaxis

Question 5

It is called the movement toward a stimulus

Answer 5

Positive response

Question 6

It is called the movement away from a stimulus

Answer 6

Negative response

Question 7

Multicellular organisms duplicate their DNA and divide to form two new cells, True or False?

Answer 7

False
Single-celled organisms do this (unicellular)

Question 8

Single-celled organisms produce specialized reproductive germline cells to form new individuals, True or False?

Answer 8

False
Multicellular organisms do this

Question 9

These contain DNA that are passed to offspring and ensures that they will belong to the same species having similar characteristics

Answer 9

Genes

Question 10

Genes provide specific instructions for organisms to follow, True or False?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Organisms require multiple _______ to coordinate internal functions

Answer 11

Regulatory mechanisms

Question 12

Two examples of internal functions?

Answer 12

Nutrient transport and blood flow

Question 13

Cells form specific functions

Answer 13

False
Organs do this, but cells perform together to create tissues to form functions

Question 14

This means steady state

Answer 14

Homeostasis

Question 15

This is the ability of an organism to maintain internal conditions despite environmental changes

Answer 15

Homeostasis

Question 16

This is the need to regulate body temperature

Answer 16

Thermoregulation

Question 17

Not all organisms use energy for metabolic activities, True or False?

Answer 17

False
All organisms do

Question 18

This is chemical energy in molecules they take in as food

Answer 18

Cellular respiration (ATP)

Question 19

All living things exhibit responsiveness, growth, metabolism, energy transformation, and reproduction, True or False?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

These are compartmentalized units that perform processes like photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Answer 20

Cells

Question 21

What definition of life says that living systems are objects with definite boundaries, continually EXCHANGING materials with their surroundings

Answer 21

Metabolic

Question 22

What definition of life says that life is defined as any system capable of PERFORMING FUNCTIONS such as eating, metabolizing, excreting, breathing, moving, growing, responding to external stimuli

Answer 22

Physiological

Question 23

What definition of life says that living systems are systems that contain reproductive hereditary coded in NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULES and metabolize by controlling the rate of CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Answer 23

Biochemical or molecular biology

Question 24

What definition of life says that all organisms effortlessly perform complex TRANSFORMATION of organic molecules, exhibit elaborate BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS, and indefinitely construct more or less COPIES of themselves

Answer 24

Genetic

Question 25

Imperfections can occur which is called?

Answer 25

Mutations

Question 26

This theory states that complex organisms evolved through replication, mutation, and replication of mutations

Answer 26

Darwin's theory of natural selection

Question 27

This distinguishes between isolated, closed, and open systems

Answer 27

Thermodynamic

Question 28

A system where there is no exchange of light, heat, or matter with its surroundings

Answer 28

Isolated system

Question 29

A system where there's exchange of energy but not matter

Answer 29

Closed system

Question 30

A system where both materials and energetic exchanges occur

Answer 30

Open system

Question 31

Organisms that depend on chemical gradients, such as deep-sea and cave organisms

Answer 31

Chemoautotrophs

Question 32

This definition of life says that life revolves around the idea of AUTOPOEISIS where it emphasizes the peculiar closure of living systems, which are alive and maintain themselves metabolically despite reproducing or not

Answer 32

Autopoietic

Question 33

The smallest autopoietic system on earth is a _____

Answer 33

living bacterial cell

Question 34

Ancient Romans believed that living organisms came from non-living materials, called the?

Answer 34

Spontaneous generation

Question 35

He noticed maggots only formed in rotting meat that was inside the uncovered jar

Answer 35

Francisco Redi

Question 36

He invented the microscope which revealed the microscopic world

Answer 36

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 37

He proposed that the Earth and solar system had arisen due to natural processes

Answer 37

Georges Buffon

Question 38

He tested to see if boiling would kill microorganisms (and failed)

Answer 38

John Needham

Question 39

He strengthened what Needham experimented on but got discredited saying air is necessary for spontaneous generation

Answer 39

Nazaro Spallanzi

Question 40

He proved microorganisms did not arise via spontaneous generation with his elegant swan-necked flask and put the controversy to permanent rest

Answer 40

Louis Pasteur

Question 41

He concluded that evolution was driven by the sentiments interieurs (felt need)

Answer 41

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Question 42

He developed the science of paleontology (study of fossils)

Answer 42

Georges Cuvier

Question 43

This says that different strata of sedimentary rocks have diverse organisms

Answer 43

Catastrophism