Chapter 3

Question 1

virtual reality

Answer 1

 Anchored in the digital realm – a computer generated environment
* Encompasses just about anything that requires you to carry part of your identity online

Question 2

augmented reality

Answer 2

 Supplementing the physical world with digital information through the use of a digital device
* The wearable like Google Glass had the ability to overlay a route map on the road you’re traveling on, as well as read things like geotags

Question 3

TCP/IP

Answer 3

 The language of the internet
* The basic idea is that there’s an expansive network of computers that can share information in real time

Question 4

HTML

Answer 4

 Created by Tim Berners-Lee
 Does three things
* Provides a universal language than can be read by all computers, eliminating a need for platform-specific software for different computer operating systems (eg, Microsoft Windows versus Mac OS);
* Tells a browser how a Web page should look; and,
* Facilitates hyperlinks and hypertext, which link Web pages directly to other Web content using encoded Web addresses

Question 5

uniform resource locator

Answer 5

 A web address, may be hyperlinked

Question 6

hyperlinking

Answer 6

 Allows a user to click on an encoded URL and leap to another page.
* A “live” hyperlink generally is underlined and of a different color from surrounding text

Question 7

hypertext

Answer 7

 Encoded words on a page that explain where the link is sending you
* If the words “The Guardian” here highlighted with color and underlined on a Web page, you would know that you could click on them to go to a different site or a particular page within the site

Question 8

HTTP

Answer 8

the language of the web

Question 9

browsers

Answer 9

decode digital signlas into words, images, motion, and interactivity

Question 10

search engines

Answer 10

google, Yahoo, Bing

Question 11

latency

Answer 11

 earth – orbiting satellites are another means of international communication, but the often have delays in information conveyance

Question 12

negroponte switch

Answer 12

 A point in time when television has become hardwired via cable and phones operate wirelessly via signals sent from routers and towers planted strategically throughout our current technology landscape

Question 13

choke point

Answer 13

 Centralized pathways on the Internet where large amounts of information are channeled
* Choke points exist in a few major information exchanges in the domestic network

Question 14

domain name system

Answer 14

 Widely recognized as being the least secure part of the Internet and therefore among the most likely to be exploited by hackers

Question 15

information communication technologies

Answer 15

 Private enterprise
* Consolidation of ICT ownership therefore is a relevant concern because we’re approaching the point where Comcast and AT&T are the only broadband Internet providers for large areas of the country

Question 16

data centers

Answer 16

server farms

Question 17

cloud computing

Answer 17

 The idea that data does not have to be stored on a single home – or office-based computer – where they are vulnerable to deletion or damage
* They can be backed up in a dedicated server and accessed from any digital device via the Internet