Chapter 3 Flashcards
When was the Industrial Revolution?
It took place between 1750 and 1850. It refers to the era in which economic production shifted from the use of hand tools to the use of power machinery.
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England, of all places?
England was relatively immune from the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars. England had a steadier social system and was able to focus on developing the country than fighting in wars. England also had a natural location for industrial revolution. There are supply of coal and iron, and they had convenient location for transporting goods. People are more educated and mobile.
What agricultural changes/innovations are mentioned in the reading? What do agricultural innovations have to do with the Industrial Revolution?
The seed drill invented by Jethro Tull, it was much more efficient of planting seeds than by hand. Farmers also begin to plant turnips, which not only enriched the soil but provided food for livestock during winter.
Scientific breeding of cattle and sheep was also introduced at the time.
What was the “enclosure movement,” and how did it help cause the Industrial Revolution?
The enclosure movement was about landowning. People started to enclose common lands with fences, walls, and hedges, so that they could be used for private pastures and the production of grain. This practice was pushed to become a common law.
People used to have access to these lands. But since the landowner started to put up fences, they are forced to move to city area, which helped with the Industrial Revolution.
According to the reading, what economic product gave rise to the Industrial Revolution?
It’s cotton
Name several important inventions associated with the Industrial Revolution. According to the reading, which invention was the most important?
The English spinning machines
The American cotton gin
The steam engine, and it was the most important invention.
Jethro Tull
He developed a seed drill in about 1700 that planted seeds in neat rows
Thomas Malthus
He was an English economist who said that poverty and famine were unavoidable because population increases geometrically whereas food production increases only arithmetically.
Eli Whitney
Invented cotton gin in 1793, a machine for separating cotton seeds from fiber.
James Watt
He improved the steam engine between 1763-1775, which was originally created by Thomas Newcomen.
Adam Smith
He was a philosopher and economist who wrote The Wealth of Nations in 1776. His book reflected the England economy at the time. He also contend that if supply and demand was left free to exchange, the natural law of production will naturally regulate the economy in the best possible way.
Charles Dickens
He published the novels Oliver Twist and Hard Times, which was greatly reflected the difficult situation during that time.
Karl Marx and Friederich Engels
In 1848, they worked together in producing The Communist Manifesto. This was one of the first steps in the formation of the communist movement, which would culminate in 1917 with the Russian Revolution.
Queen Victoria
She was ascended to the English throne in 1837 at the age of 19.
Romanticism
- What is it? It was a movement in literature and the arts.
- Why is it called that? (You’ll have to ask Bro. Rock, since it’s not stated in the reading.)
It was calling for holding susceptive attitude to things, and mainly focus on the feeling of oneself. - Be able to name key authors/artists/musicians associated with this movement
Goethe (Faust)
Victor Hugo (Les Miserables)
Alexander Pushkin in Russia
English poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Lord Byron, and Alfred Lord Tennyson.
Beethoven
Chopin, Verdi, Tchaikovsky.
Etymology: Romance=medieval narrative poems originally composed in Romance landguage
Values:
Emotion
Subjectivity/individualism
Freedom (both formal and political)
Rebellion
CHAOS
