Chapter 3 Flashcards
Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope
Prokaryotic
A prokaryote is a single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus, and other membrane-bound organelles.
Range of cell sizes
Cells are minute, varying in diameter between 10 and 100 micrometers.
protoplast
Protoplast, is a biological term coined by Hanstein in 1880 to refer to the entire cell, excluding the cell wall.
pectic middle lamella
A pectic middle lamella is sandwiched between the primary cell walls of adjacent cells.
plasmodesmata
Plasmodesmata are intercellular pores connecting adjacent plant cells allowing membrane and cytoplasmic continuity
glycoproteins
any of a class of proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached to the polypeptide chain. Also called glycopeptide.
Components of a nucleus
The nucleus is bounded by a nuclear envelope consisting of two membranes that are performed by numerous pores. Within the nucleus are a fluid called a nucleoplasm, one or more spherical nucleoli, and thin strands of chromatin, which condense and become chromosomes when nuclei divide. Each species of organisms has a specific number of chromosomes in each cell.
Dictyosomes
They are net-like structures of flat, membrane-bound sacs termed cisternae found in the Golgi apparatus. They aid in plate formation during cell division in plant cells.
plastid
The plastid is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms.
cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and archaea. In eukaryotes, it extends from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane and is composed of similar proteins in the various organisms
mitosis
a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
