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Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards exam 1 > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

energy

A

capacity to do work

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2
Q

potential energy

A

energy in position or stored

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3
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy in motion

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4
Q

chemical energy

A

form of potential energy
energy released from chemical bonds when bond is broken

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5
Q

forms of kinetic energy

A

electrical, mechanical, sound, radiant, heat

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6
Q

electrical energy

A

movement of charged particles

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7
Q

mechanical energy

A

exhibited by objects in motion due to applied force

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8
Q

sound energy

A

molecule compression caused by vibrating object

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9
Q

radiant energy

A

energy of electromagnetic waves

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10
Q

heat

A

kinetic energy from movement of atoms, ions, molecules

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11
Q

thermodynamics

A

study of energy transformations

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12
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

energy can’t be created or destroyed it can only change in form

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13
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

energy is transformed; some energy is lost to heat

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14
Q

oxidation-reduction reaction

A

redox reaction ; electrons moved from one chemical structure to another

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15
Q

oxidation (oxidized)

A

structure that loses electron

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16
Q

reduction (reduced)

A

structure that gains an electron

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17
Q

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

A

NAD+

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18
Q

irreversible reaction

A

net loss of reactants and a net gain of products

19
Q

reversible reaction

A

does not proceed only to the right - no net charge in concentration of either reactants or products- equilibrium

20
Q

reaction rate

A

measure of how quickly chemical reaction takes place

21
Q

activation energy

A

energy required to break existing chemical bonds – reaction rate

22
Q

enzymes

A

accelerate chemical reaction (catalyst)

23
Q

uncatalyzed vs catalyzed

A

only facilitate reactions that would already occur
increase rate of product formation

24
Q

specificity

A

permits only a single substrate to bind
helps catalyze only one specific reaction

25
Q

cofactors

A

helper ions/molecules required to ensure that a reaction occurs

26
Q

dehydrogenases

A

involved in electron transfer

27
Q

kinases

A

transfer phosphate groups

28
Q

optimal temperature

A

usually 40C to 104F for human enzymes

29
Q

optimal ph

A

between ph of 6 and 8

30
Q

inhibitors

A

bind enzymes and turns them off

31
Q

competitive inhibitor

A

resembles substrate and binds to active site of enzyme
compete for occupation of active site

32
Q

noncompetitive inhibitors

A

do not resemble substrate

33
Q

allosteric site

A

bind a site other than active site( allosteric inhibitors)

34
Q

metabolic pathway

A

series of enzymes; products of one enzyme becomes substrate of the next

35
Q

multienzyme complex

A

group of attached enzymes
work in sequence of reactions

36
Q

phosphorylation

A

addition of phosphate group
performed by phosphorylases or kinases

37
Q

dephosphorylation

A

removal of phosphate group performed by phosphatases

38
Q

glucose oxidation

A

breakdown of glucose with energy release
carbon dioxide and water formed
energy rich molecule

39
Q

substrate level of phosphorylation

A

least common energy can be used directly

40
Q

oxidative phosphorylation

A

energy used indirectly energy released to coenzymes then transformed to form atp

41
Q

cytosol

A

liquid component of cytoplasm

42
Q

mitochondria

A

power house of the cell

43
Q

glycolysis

A

breakdown of glucose to form pyruvate acid; doesn’t require oxygen
production of 2 atp and 2 nadh

44
Q

intermediate stage

A

linked between glycolysis and citric acid cycle

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards exam 1 (9 decks)

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