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Lifespan Development > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Moro reflex, when does it disappear, and what is the significance?

A

a baby throws their arms out and then inward in response to loud noise and when its head falls; 6 months; may help the baby cling to its mother

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2
Q

What is the stepping reflex, when does it disappear, and what is its significance?

A

a baby who is held upright by an adult and is then moved forward begins to step rhythmically; 2-3 months; precursor to voluntary walking

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3
Q

What is the sucking reflex, when does it disappear, and what is its significance?

A

a baby sucks an object when it is placed in its mouth; 4 months; permits feeding

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4
Q

What is the palmar reflex, when does it disappear, and what is its significance?

A

a baby grabs an object placed in the palm of its hand, 3-4 months; precursor to voluntary walking

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5
Q

What is the Apgar test?

A

a quick assessment of newborn status by focusing on the following things: breathing, heartbeat, muscle tone, reflexes, and skin tone; each one is scored from 0-2

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6
Q

How many states do newborns typically go through within 1 day?

A

4

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7
Q

state in which the baby is calm with eyes open and attentive; baby seems to be deliberately inspecting the environment

A

alert inactivity

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8
Q

state in which a baby’s eyes are open but seem unfocused while the arms or legs move in bursts of uncoordinated movement

A

waking activity

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9
Q

cry that starts softly then gradually increases and becomes more intense

A

basic cry; typically if tired or hungry

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10
Q

more intense version of the basic cry

A

mad cry

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11
Q

cry that begins with a sudden long burst, followed by a long pause and gasping

A

pain cry

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12
Q

irregular sleep in which an infant’s eyes dart rapidly beneath the eyelids while the body is quite active

A

irregular or REM sleep

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13
Q

sleep in which heart rate, breathing, and brain activity are steady

A

regular or nonREM sleep

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14
Q

How long do most 2 year olds sleep?

A

13 hours

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15
Q

How long do most 6 year olds sleep?

A

11 hours

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16
Q

What are risk factors for SIDS?

A

premature birth, low birth weight, sleeping face down, parents smoke, wintertime

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17
Q

consistent style or pattern of behavior

A

temperament

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18
Q

the theory that simple motor skills can be combined to produce more complex ones

A

Dynamic Systems Theory

19
Q

At what age do babies develop head control?

A

1 month

20
Q

At what age do babies roll of their backs to their sides?

A

4.5 months

21
Q

At what age can babies sit without help?

A

7 months

22
Q

At what age can babies stand with help?

A

8 months

23
Q

At what age can babies creep and crawl?

A

Between 5 and 11 months

24
Q

At what age can babies walk with an adult?

A

11 months

25
Q

At what age can babies stand without help?

A

14 months

26
Q

At what age can babies walk alone?

A

Between 9 and 15 months

27
Q

Who begins to walk sooner, boys or girls?

A

Girls

28
Q

At what age can toddlers “true run”?

A

5 years old

29
Q

At what age can babies hold an object in one hand? Both hands?

A

3 months; 4 months

30
Q

At what age can babies use the ulnar grasp?

A

7 months

31
Q

At what age do babies develop visually directed reaching?

A

5 -6 months

32
Q

At what age can babies use the pincer grasp?

A

6-9 months

33
Q

What types of images do newborns prefer to look at?

A

High contrast images

34
Q

What two things do babies recognize the scent of?

A

Their mother, their amniotic fluid

35
Q

What type of tastes do babies prefer?

A

Salty things; due to amniotic fluid being salty

36
Q

What is the best way to soothe a distressed baby? Why?

A

Holding and rocking them; they were held in the womb for 38 weeks

37
Q

Describe babies hearings abilities before and after birth.

A

Babies can recognize voices in the womb and have the same level of hearing we do

38
Q

At what age can babies recognize their own names?

A

4-5 months

39
Q

What is the cocktail effect?

A

The belief that our names have significance and when spoken in a loud room with other auditory stimuli, babies and us will turn towards where their name is called and recognize it

40
Q

What is accommodation for babies?

A

how well they can focus an image; must be within 10 inches of their face

41
Q

What do newborns use for depth perception up until 6 months?

A

Kinetic clues

42
Q

ideas about connections between thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and behavior that create an intuitive understanding of the link between the mind and behavior; between ages 2 and 5

A

Theory of Mind

43
Q

What age do babies develop an idea of self-concept (recognizing themselves in a mirror / picture)?

A

Between 15 and 18 months

Lifespan Development (5 decks)

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