Chapter 2 Flashcards
the result of a single fertilized egg splitting to form two new individuals; also called identical twins
monozygotic twins
the result of two separate eggs fertilized by two sperm; also called fraternal twins
dizygotic twins
Describe the relationship between genes and the environment.
Genes and the environment are dynamically related. They both are powerful influences on development and both must be considered when looking at a person’s development
process of deliberately seeking environments that are compatible with one’s genetic makeup
niche-picking
forces within a family that make siblings different from one another
nonshared environmental influences
What is the period of the zygote?
Week 1 - 2 post-conception
fertilized egg, created when a sperm cell penetrates an egg
zygote
step in which the zygote burrows into the uterine wall and establishes connections with the women’s blood vessels
implantation
What is the period of the embryo?
Weeks 3 - 8 post conception
What percent of zygotes are miscarried? Why?
20-45%, people may not know they are pregnant yet
What are common symptoms during the period of the embryo?
morning sickness, nausea
What percent of pregnancies miscarriage at the embryonic stage? Why?
15%; the placenta fails to develop or function
inner sac in which the developing child rests
amnion
fluid that surrounds the fetus
amniotic fluid
structure containing veins and arteries that connects the placenta and the developing child
umbilical cord
What is the role of the placenta?
Provide oxygen, food, remove waste products, make hormones
What is the period of the fetus?
Weeks 9 - 38 post conception
What are some developments during the period of the fetus?
Organs begin to grow and function, begins to move and roll and kick
the feeling when a mother feels the fetus move for the very first time
the quickening
age at which the fetus can survive outside the womb because most of its bodily systems function adequately; typically at 7 months post conception
age of viability
How much weight does the fetus typically gain during the last 5 months?
7 or 8 pounds
What are the three types of teratogens?
drugs, diseases, environmental influences
What are the 5 things to keep in mind about teratogens?
the impact depends on the genotype of the organism, the impact changes over the course of prenatal development, each one affects a different aspect or prenatal development, the impact depends on the dose (higher dose more side effects), damage does not always show at birth and may present later in life
What are three problems that children born with FAS face?
grow more slowly, have heart problems, and misshapen faces
