Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lifespan Development > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the genetic or hereditary influences that affect development?

A

Nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the experiential or environmental influences that affect behavior?

A

Nurture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Concerns whether a particular developmental phenomenon represents a smooth progression throughout the lifespan or a series of abrupt shifts

A

Continuity vs Discontinuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Concerns whether there is one path of development or several

A

Universal or Context-Specific Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Useful way to organize the biological, psychosocial, and sociocultural forces on human development

A

biopsychosocial framework

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

all genetic and health-related factors that affect development

A

biologicial forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

all internal perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and personality factors that affect development

A

psychological factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

interpersonal, societal, cultural, and ethnic factors that affect development

A

sociocultural forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

differences in how the same event affects people of different ages

A

life-cycle forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

based on the idea that development is largely determined by how well people resolve conflicts they face at different ages

A

psychodynamic theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Erikson theory that personality development is determined by the interaction of an internal maturational plan and external societal demand

A

psychosocial theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

means by which each psychosocial strength has its own special period of particular importance

A

epigenetic principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the psychosocial stage during birth to 1 year where the challenge is to develop a sense that the world is safe?

A

Basic Trust vs Mistrust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the psychosocial stage from 1 to 3 where the challenge is to realize that one is independent who can make decisions and doubt?

A

Autonomy vs Shame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the psychosocial stage from 3 to 6 where the challenge is to develop the ability to try new things and to handle failure?

A

Initiative vs Guilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the psychosocial stage from 6 to adolescence where the challenge is to learn basic skills and to work with others?

A

Industry vs Inferiority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the psychosocial stage during adolescence where the challenge is to develop a lasting, integrated sense of self?

A

Identity vs Identity confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the psychosocial stage during young adulthood where the challenge is to commit to another in a loving relationship?

A

Intimacy vs Isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the psychosocial stage during middle adulthood where the challenge is to contribute to younger people through child rearing, child care, or other productive work?

A

Generativity vs Stagnation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the psychosocial stage during late life where the challenge is to view one’s life as satisfactory and worth living?

A

Integrity vs Despair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

technique in which the consequences of a behavior determine whether a behavior is repeated in the future

A

operant condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

giving a reward to increase the likelihood of a behavior

A

positive reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

rewarding a person by removing an unpleasant stimulus

A

negative reinforcement (if you clean your room you do not need to wash the dishes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of reinforcement do babies use on parents?

A

Negative Reinforcement

25
Q

What type of reinforcement to parents use on their children?

A

Positive Reinforcement

26
Q

a consequence that decreases the likelihood of the behavior that it follows

A

punishment

27
Q

learning by simply watching those around them (also, who came up with this theory)

A

observational / social learning; Bandura

28
Q

What was the Bobo Doll study?

A

Bandura found that after watching adults beat up a fake doll, they would then imitate that behavior when left alone in a room

29
Q

What is the learning term when we make good or bad associations with the action as it occurs?

A

Classical Conditioning

30
Q

Describe the stimuli related to classical conditioning.

A

An unlearned stimulus produces an unlearned response but then the stimulus becomes conditioned and then produces a conditioned response

31
Q

the tendency to only imitate what we believe we are capable of doing

A

self-efficacy

32
Q

theory about how people think and how that changes overtime

A

Cognitive Development Theory

33
Q

the belief that children are naturally curious about their surroundings and try and learn about their surroundings and creat theories about the world

A

little scientist idea

34
Q

What stage of Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory occurs between birth and 2 and is characterized by “the infant’s knowledge of the world is based on senses and motor skills; by the end of the period, uses mental representation”?

A

Sensorimotor

35
Q

What stage of Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory occurs between 2 and 6 and is characterized by “child learns how to use symbols such as words and numbers to represent aspects of the world only through their own perspective”?

A

Preoperational Thought

36
Q

What stage of Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory occurs between 7 years to early adolescence and is characterized by “child understands and applies logical operations to experiences provided that are focused on the here and now”?

A

Concrete Operational Thought

37
Q

What stage of Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory occurs during and after adolescence and is characterized by “adolescent or adult thinks abstractly; deals with hypothetical situations, and speculates about what may be possible”?

A

Formal Operational Thought

38
Q

theory that proposes that human cognition consists of mental hardware and mental software that is upgraded

A

Information-Processing Theory

39
Q

What is mental hardware?

A

cognitive structures including where memories are stored

40
Q

What is mental software?

A

cognitive processes that enable people to complete specific tasks such as reading

41
Q

What was Vygotsky’s theory?

A

believed that children are influenced by the sociocultural context in which they grow up

42
Q

theory that views human development as inseparable from the environment contexts in which a person develops

A

ecological theory

43
Q

What is the microsystem?

A

Parents and their children

44
Q

What is the mesosystem?

A

School and Friends

45
Q

What is the exosystem?

A

Parent’s places of employment, Parent’s social network, Government and social policy

46
Q

What is the macrosystem?

A

Historical events, ethnic group, culture

47
Q

people adapt most efficiently when their competence, or abilities, match the environmental press, or the demands put on them by the environment

A

Competence-Environmental Press Theory

48
Q

view that human development is multiply determined and cannot be understood within the scope of a single framework

A

life-span perspective

49
Q

development involves both growth and decline

A

multidirectionality

50
Q

idea that many skills can be learned and improved and that one’s capacity is not carved in stone or predetermined

A

plasticity

51
Q

idea that each of us develops within a particular set of circumstances determined by the historical time in which we are born

A

historical context

52
Q

idea that development reflects the biological, psychological, sociocultural, and life-cycle forces

A

multiple causation

53
Q

view that selection, optimization, and compensation form a system of behavorial action that generates and regulates development and aging

A

selective optimization with compensation (SOC) model

54
Q

What are the 3 dimensions of the Life-Course perspective?

A
  1. Individual timing of life events in relation to extrinsic historical events
  2. Synchronization of individual transitions with collective familial ones
  3. Impact of earlier life events, as shaped by historical events, on subsequent ones
55
Q

type of study where you are looking at relations between variables as they exist naturally in the world; does NOT tell / prove what CAUSED it

A

correlational study

56
Q

a research design in which the same individuals are observed or tested repeatedly at different points in their lives

A

longitudinal study

57
Q

study in which developmental differences are identified by testing people of different ages

A

cross-sectional study

58
Q

developmental research design based on cross-sectional and longitudinal designs

A

sequential design

59
Q

a tool that enables researchers to synthesize the results of many studies to estimate relations between variables

A

meta-analysis

Lifespan Development (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions