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Human Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many cells make up the human body?

A

50-100 trillion

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2
Q

Lack dna-containing nuclei

A

Prokaryotic cells

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3
Q

Have nuclei containing DNA

A

Eukaryotic cells

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4
Q

Surrounds cell, separating it from external environment

A

Plasma membrane

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5
Q

Heads face inside and outside of cell

A

Hydrophilic

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6
Q

Trails face each other to avoid water

A

Hydrophobic

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7
Q

Movement of molecules from region of high concentration to region of low concentration

A

Diffusion

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8
Q

Net movement of water across semipermeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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9
Q

Same solute concentration as fluid inside cell ( 0.9%)

A

Isotonic

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10
Q

Higher solute concentration than fluid inside cell (>.9%)

A

Hypertonic

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11
Q

Lower solute concentration than fluid inside cell (<.9%)

A

Hypotonic

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12
Q

Transport across plasma membrane from area to area of high concentration to area of low concentration using protein carriers

A

Facilitated transport

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13
Q

Movement across plasma membrane from area of lower concentration to area of higher concentration

A

Active transport

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14
Q

Movement of large molecules or substances in bulk across plasma membrane

A

Bulk transport

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15
Q

part of plasmamembrane pinches off to form a vesicle, bringing material into the cell

A

Endocytosis

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16
Q

Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane to move material out of the cell

A

Exocytosis

17
Q

A gel-like material containing “little organs” and lots of other stuff

A

Cytoplasm

18
Q

Structure in which components of ribosomes are made

A

Nucleolus

19
Q

Stack of sac-like structures

A

Golgi apparatus

20
Q

Membranous sacs produced by Golgi

A

Lysosomes

21
Q

Membrane-bound sacs

A

Vesicles

22
Q

“Powerhouse” of the cell

A

Mitochondria

23
Q

Protein fibers found on inside of plasma membrane

A

Cytoskeleton

24
Q

Short, hair-like structures

A

Cilia

25
Q

Long, whip-like structures

A

Flagella

26
Q

Helps cells within tissues function in coordinated manner

A

Cell junctions

27
Q

Connect cytoskeletons of adjacent cells

A

Adhesion junctions

28
Q

Link cells and form barriers

A

Tight junctions

29
Q

All chemical reactions within a cell

A

Metabolism

30
Q

Speed up chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

31
Q

Produces two 3-carbon molecules of pyrurate from one 6-carbon molecule of glucose

A

Glycolysis

32
Q

Production of small amounts of ATP in anaerobic conditions

A

Fermentation

Human Biology (6 decks)

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