Chapter 2 Flashcards
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter
Building blocksof matter;cannot be brokendown by “normal” chemical means
Elements
Smallest units of elements that retain their properties
Atoms
Atoms with the same # of protons butdifferent #of neutrons
Isotopes
Atoms bonded together
Molecules
Molecules composed of two or moredifferent atoms
Compounds
Interactions between/among atoms; occur to make atoms more stable
Chemical bonds
Transfer of one or more electrons
Ionic bonds
Sharing of electrons due to overlapping valence Shells
Covalent bonds
Substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions; decreases ph
Acids
Substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions or releasing hydroxide ions; increases ph
Bases
Indicates acidity Or alkalinity (basicity) of solutions; ranges from 0 - 14
The ph scale
Substances or combination of substances that minimize changes to ph
Buffers
Contain Carbon and hydrogen and usually associatedwith living organisms
Organic molecules
Used to build macromolecules from subunis
Dehydration(synthesis)reactions
Used to break down macromolecules into smaller subunits
Hydrolysis reactions
Many sugars
Polysaccharides
All contain Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and are insoluble in water
Lipids
Made up of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group
Phospholipids
Contain Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Proteins
Three or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Polypeptide
Irreversible change in shape
Desaturation
Functions include storage of genetic information and directing proteinsynthesis
Nucleic acids
Adenosine triphosphate; functions as energy carrier in cells
ATP
