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Human Biology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anything that has mass and takes up space

A

Matter

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2
Q

Building blocksof matter;cannot be brokendown by “normal” chemical means

A

Elements

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3
Q

Smallest units of elements that retain their properties

A

Atoms

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4
Q

Atoms with the same # of protons butdifferent #of neutrons

A

Isotopes

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5
Q

Atoms bonded together

A

Molecules

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6
Q

Molecules composed of two or moredifferent atoms

A

Compounds

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7
Q

Interactions between/among atoms; occur to make atoms more stable

A

Chemical bonds

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8
Q

Transfer of one or more electrons

A

Ionic bonds

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9
Q

Sharing of electrons due to overlapping valence Shells

A

Covalent bonds

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10
Q

Substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions; decreases ph

A

Acids

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11
Q

Substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions or releasing hydroxide ions; increases ph

A

Bases

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12
Q

Indicates acidity Or alkalinity (basicity) of solutions; ranges from 0 - 14

A

The ph scale

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13
Q

Substances or combination of substances that minimize changes to ph

A

Buffers

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14
Q

Contain Carbon and hydrogen and usually associatedwith living organisms

A

Organic molecules

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15
Q

Used to build macromolecules from subunis

A

Dehydration(synthesis)reactions

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16
Q

Used to break down macromolecules into smaller subunits

A

Hydrolysis reactions

17
Q

Many sugars

A

Polysaccharides

18
Q

All contain Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and are insoluble in water

A

Lipids

19
Q

Made up of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group

A

Phospholipids

20
Q

Contain Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

A

Proteins

21
Q

Three or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds

A

Polypeptide

22
Q

Irreversible change in shape

A

Desaturation

23
Q

Functions include storage of genetic information and directing proteinsynthesis

A

Nucleic acids

24
Q

Adenosine triphosphate; functions as energy carrier in cells

A

ATP

Human Biology (6 decks)

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