CHAPTER 3 Flashcards
Expression of motivation
Motivation is a private and internal experience, one cannot see another person’s motivation.
> Instead, one can observe what is measurable to infer such motivations
Ways to observe/measure motivation (BEPBS)
BPBS
- Behavior
- Engagement
- Psychophysiology
- Brain Activation
- Self Report
Expression of motivation engagements
Engagement refers to how actively involved a person is in a task.
> Behavioral
> Emotional
> Cognitive
> Agency
Expression of motivation engagements (BEHAVIORAL)
How effortfully a person in involved during activity in terms of effort and persistence
Expression of motivation engagements (EMOTIONAL)
Presence of positive emotions during a task involvement, like interest.
And the absence of negative emotions like anxiety
Expression of motivation engagements (COGNITIVE)
How strategically person processes information and learns terms of employing sophisticated rather than superficial learning strategies.
Expression of motivation engagements (AGENCY)
Engagement, how active is the person in for example asking a question, expressing a preference
Parasympathetic vs sympathetic
Parasympathetic - Rest and digestion
Sympathetic - Stressful situation
Central Nervous System
> Process and collect information
(Brain > Cerebellum > Brainstem > Spinal cord)
> Responds to stimuli
> Coordinates the activity of cells and organs
> Billions of cells
Peripheral Nervous System
Circulates information between organs and CNS
- 43 pairs of nerves outside the brain / spinal cord (nerves connect the CN with tissue and organs of the body) (motor or sensory)
3 levels in CNS
Neocortex = thinking brain
Limbic System = emotional or feeling brain
Reptilian Brain = Dinosaur brain
Neurons
- Functional unit of the brain
- Transfer electrochemical signal (EEG)
Neurotransmitters
Released from the terminal button, across the synaptic cleft, and binds to and reacts with receptors molecules in the postsynaptic membrane.
> Excitatory or inhibitory <
Excitatory: activating effect on postsynaptic neurons
Inhibitory: hyperpolarize (niður) the postsynaptic neurons
Endorphins
Natural substances secreted by the brain reduce the activity of certain neurotransmitters.
> Relieve stress and increase the feeling of pleasure
Example of neurotransmitters
- Dopamine: Essential for frontal lobe, reward circuit (Motivation)
- Serotonin: For relaxation, feeling sleepy, appetite (Well being)
- Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine: For attention, alertness, energy (Concentration)
