Chapter 3 Flashcards
The two basic tenets of cell theory
the idea that the fundamental unit of life is the cell, and that cells only come from other cells.
Capsules and slime layers are examples of which type of structure?
glycocalyces
Sporulation generally occurs under which of the following circumstances?
when conditions are unfavorable or there are insufficient nutrients
Prokaryotes are classified into which domain(s)?
Domains Archaea and Bacteria only
Microfilaments are composed of which structure?
actin
Which term refers to a curved rod?
vibrio
What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
It is where ribosomal RNA is synthesized and ribosome assembly begins.
What term refers to proteins that extend across the plasma membrane from one side to the other?
transmembrane proteins
In what types of organisms are phospholipids with branched chains common?
archaea
When a bacterial cell with a cell wall is placed in salt water with a higher-solute concentration than the cell cytoplasm, the cell undergoes what?
crenation
Where is the bacterial chromosome located?
the nucleoid region
For a peritrichously flagellated bacterium, what results in a run?
counterclockwise flagellar rotation
What is the theory of Spontaneous Generation?
The notion that life can arise from non-living matter
Which French scientist disproved the theory of Spontaneous Generation?
Louis Pasteur
What does the endosymbiotic theory state?
theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose as a result of prokaryotic cells establishing a symbiotic relationship within a eukaryotic host
The two basic components of a cell
cytoplasm and ribosomes
In place of a nucleus, prokaryotes have
a single, circular chromosome located in a nucleoid.
What does the cell wall protect prokaryotes from?
Osmotic pressure
In an isotonic medium
the solute concentrations inside and outside the cell are approximately equal,
In a hypertonic medium
the solute concentration outside the cell exceeds that inside the cell, so water diffuses out of the cell and into the external medium.
In a hypotonic medium
the solute concentration inside the cell exceeds that outside of the cell, so water will move by osmosis into the cell. This causes the cell to swell and potentially lyse, or burst.
In what process does the plasma membrane contract and detach from the cell wall, causing a decreases in interior volume
plasmolysis
Cells whose nuclei divide, but whose cytoplasm does not,
coenocytes
