Chapter 3

Question 1

The two basic tenets of cell theory

Answer 1

the idea that the fundamental unit of life is the cell, and that cells only come from other cells.

Question 2

Capsules and slime layers are examples of which type of structure?

Answer 2

glycocalyces

Question 3

Sporulation generally occurs under which of the following circumstances?

Answer 3

when conditions are unfavorable or there are insufficient nutrients

Question 4

Prokaryotes are classified into which domain(s)?

Answer 4

Domains Archaea and Bacteria only

Question 5

Microfilaments are composed of which structure?

Answer 5

actin

Question 6

Which term refers to a curved rod?

Answer 6

vibrio

Question 7

What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 7

It is where ribosomal RNA is synthesized and ribosome assembly begins.

Question 8

What term refers to proteins that extend across the plasma membrane from one side to the other?

Answer 8

transmembrane proteins

Question 9

In what types of organisms are phospholipids with branched chains common?

Answer 9

archaea

Question 10

When a bacterial cell with a cell wall is placed in salt water with a higher-solute concentration than the cell cytoplasm, the cell undergoes what?

Answer 10

crenation

Question 11

Where is the bacterial chromosome located?

Answer 11

the nucleoid region

Question 12

For a peritrichously flagellated bacterium, what results in a run?

Answer 12

counterclockwise flagellar rotation

Question 13

What is the theory of Spontaneous Generation?

Answer 13

The notion that life can arise from non-living matter

Question 14

Which French scientist disproved the theory of Spontaneous Generation?

Answer 14

Louis Pasteur

Question 15

What does the endosymbiotic theory state?

Answer 15

theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose as a result of prokaryotic cells establishing a symbiotic relationship within a eukaryotic host

Question 16

The two basic components of a cell

Answer 16

cytoplasm and ribosomes

Question 17

In place of a nucleus, prokaryotes have

Answer 17

a single, circular chromosome located in a nucleoid.

Question 18

What does the cell wall protect prokaryotes from?

Answer 18

Osmotic pressure

Question 19

In an isotonic medium

Answer 19

the solute concentrations inside and outside the cell are approximately equal,

Question 20

In a hypertonic medium

Answer 20

the solute concentration outside the cell exceeds that inside the cell, so water diffuses out of the cell and into the external medium.

Question 21

In a hypotonic medium

Answer 21

the solute concentration inside the cell exceeds that outside of the cell, so water will move by osmosis into the cell. This causes the cell to swell and potentially lyse, or burst.

Question 22

In what process does the plasma membrane contract and detach from the cell wall, causing a decreases in interior volume

Answer 22

plasmolysis

Question 23

Cells whose nuclei divide, but whose cytoplasm does not,

Answer 23

coenocytes