Chapter 1 Flashcards
Describe some uses of algae
Biofuel development; Food production, including ice cream, salad dressing, beverages, lipstick, and toothpaste.
The guinea worm can be described as
a helminthic parasite transmitted by consuming contaminated water
Oral thrush is caused by what type of organism?
fungi
Compare the sizes of bacteria and viruses
Bacteria are typically ~1 µm, viruses can be 10 times smaller
Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is used primarily as?
a reference for bacterial classification
Mycotoxins are produced by what type of organism?
molds
Ernst Haeckel proposed a classification system consisting of what subgroups?
four kingdoms
What type of microorganism is a yeast?
Unicellular fungi
To reduce the risk of open flame from Bunsen burners, microbiologists are increasingly using what device for easy, rapid benchtop sterilization of small pieces of equipment?
Microincinerators
Are some microorganisms harmless?
Most microorganisms are harmless, and many are helpful.
Describe the primary purpose of a phylogeny?
Phylogenies show evolutionary relatedness between organisms.
Are all microorganisms dangerous?
No, most microorganisms are harmless, and many are helpful.
Considered the father of western medicine
Hippocrates
One way our ancestors used microorganisms to create bread
Fermentation
A practice found in the bible associated with the containment of leprosy
Quarantining
What did the ancient Greeks attribute disease to?
Bad air, mal’aria
Inventor of the first lens powerful enough to view microbes
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Considered the father of scientific history
Thucydides
Roman writer among the first to discuss the concept of microorganisms
Marcus Terentius Varro
Carolus Linnaeus, an early taxonomist, divided the world into which three 3 kingdoms, and which did he abandon?
Animals, Plants, and Minerals, eventually rejecting minerals
Robert Whittaker proposed the addition of a fifth kingdom to Haeckel’s system, what was it?
Fungi
The smallest size object the human eye can perceive.
100 micrometers (µm)
The term given to microbes not composed of cells
acellular
Within which three domains of life are organisms found?
Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
Domains archaea and bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning their cells contain
no nucleus
What do the the cells of eukaryotes contain that prokaryotes do not?
a nucleus
Bacteria that cause disease
pathogens
Types of fungi included in the field of microbiology
Yeasts and molds
True or false, bacteria and archaea can be found in nearly every habitat on earth
true
Why are helminths considered within the field of microbiology, even though the worms are not microscopic?
Diseases caused by helminths involve microscopic eggs and larvae
An informal group of eukaryotes that do not conform to other groups
Protists
Diverse photosynthetic protists, containing cell walls of cellulose
Algae
Protists providing the backbone of many food webs, uses many unique methods of movement
Protozoa
The cell walls of fungi are usually made of this substance
Chitin
