Chapter 1

Question 1

Describe some uses of algae

Answer 1

Biofuel development; Food production, including ice cream, salad dressing, beverages, lipstick, and toothpaste.

Question 2

The guinea worm can be described as

Answer 2

a helminthic parasite transmitted by consuming contaminated water

Question 3

Oral thrush is caused by what type of organism?

Answer 3

fungi

Question 4

Compare the sizes of bacteria and viruses

Answer 4

Bacteria are typically ~1 µm, viruses can be 10 times smaller

Question 5

Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is used primarily as?

Answer 5

a reference for bacterial classification

Question 6

Mycotoxins are produced by what type of organism?

Answer 6

molds

Question 7

Ernst Haeckel proposed a classification system consisting of what subgroups?

Answer 7

four kingdoms

Question 8

What type of microorganism is a yeast?

Answer 8

Unicellular fungi

Question 9

To reduce the risk of open flame from Bunsen burners, microbiologists are increasingly using what device for easy, rapid benchtop sterilization of small pieces of equipment?

Answer 9

Microincinerators

Question 10

Are some microorganisms harmless?

Answer 10

Most microorganisms are harmless, and many are helpful.

Question 11

Describe the primary purpose of a phylogeny?

Answer 11

Phylogenies show evolutionary relatedness between organisms.

Question 12

Are all microorganisms dangerous?

Answer 12

No, most microorganisms are harmless, and many are helpful.

Question 13

Considered the father of western medicine

Answer 13

Hippocrates

Question 14

One way our ancestors used microorganisms to create bread

Answer 14

Fermentation

Question 15

A practice found in the bible associated with the containment of leprosy

Answer 15

Quarantining

Question 16

What did the ancient Greeks attribute disease to?

Answer 16

Bad air, mal’aria

Question 17

Inventor of the first lens powerful enough to view microbes

Answer 17

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Question 18

Considered the father of scientific history

Answer 18

Thucydides

Question 19

Roman writer among the first to discuss the concept of microorganisms

Answer 19

Marcus Terentius Varro

Question 20

Carolus Linnaeus, an early taxonomist, divided the world into which three 3 kingdoms, and which did he abandon?

Answer 20

Animals, Plants, and Minerals, eventually rejecting minerals

Question 21

Robert Whittaker proposed the addition of a fifth kingdom to Haeckel’s system, what was it?

Answer 21

Fungi

Question 22

The smallest size object the human eye can perceive.

Answer 22

100 micrometers (µm)

Question 23

The term given to microbes not composed of cells

Answer 23

acellular

Question 24

Within which three domains of life are organisms found?

Answer 24

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

Question 25

Domains archaea and bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning their cells contain

Answer 25

no nucleus

Question 26

What do the the cells of eukaryotes contain that prokaryotes do not?

Answer 26

a nucleus

Question 27

Bacteria that cause disease

Answer 27

pathogens

Question 28

Types of fungi included in the field of microbiology

Answer 28

Yeasts and molds

Question 29

True or false, bacteria and archaea can be found in nearly every habitat on earth

Answer 29

true

Question 30

Why are helminths considered within the field of microbiology, even though the worms are not microscopic?

Answer 30

Diseases caused by helminths involve microscopic eggs and larvae

Question 31

An informal group of eukaryotes that do not conform to other groups

Answer 31

Protists

Question 32

Diverse photosynthetic protists, containing cell walls of cellulose

Answer 32

Algae

Question 33

Protists providing the backbone of many food webs, uses many unique methods of movement

Answer 33

Protozoa

Question 34

The cell walls of fungi are usually made of this substance

Answer 34

Chitin