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Bio unit 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What strategy do humans use?

A

Humans use K strategy

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2
Q

Characteristics of K strategy

A

Long lifespan, late sexual maturity, few young, high parental care

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3
Q

4000 BCE to 1347

A

Stable population, limiting factors are significant, S shaped growth curve

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4
Q

1347 to 1350

A

Bubonic plague (black death)

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5
Q

1700

A

industrial revolution, advanced agriculture methods, domestication of animals, advanced medicines, led to exponential growth

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6
Q

Today

A

J shaped exponential growth curve

Exponential population growth is a large concern on our planet

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7
Q

Two ways to examine population growth

A
  • Percent population growth

- Doubling time

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8
Q

Percent population growth

A

Rapid population growth

Why? Birth rate remains the same but death rate has fallen

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9
Q

Doubling Time

A

The time it takes for a population to double in number. This has greatly decreased from 200 yrs, 80 yrs to 46 yrs

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10
Q

Death rate is ___ in developed countries

A

Slower

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11
Q

Death rate is ____ in developing countries

A

Faster

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12
Q

Demographic Transition

A

A. theory that describes the pattern if birth rates, death rates & growth rates of populations overtime

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13
Q

Stage 1: (pre transitions) early human societies

A
  • high BR (no knowledge of birth control)
  • high DR (no modern medicine)
  • zero population growth
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14
Q

Stage 2: (early transition/demographic trap)

A
  • high BR (no knowledge of birth control)
  • low DR (more medicine, better food production)
  • rapid population growth
  • many under developing countries
  • being trapped in stage 2 is called the demographic trap
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15
Q

Stage 3: (late transition/demographic transition)

A
  • decreased BR (knowledge of birth control, better living standards)
  • death rate decreases
  • population growth slows
  • most developing countries
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16
Q

Stage 4: (post transition)

A
  • low BR
  • low DR
  • population growth slows to zero
  • most developed counties
17
Q

Stage 5: (constricting population growth)

A
  • BR falls below DR

- population growth is shrinking

18
Q

Population Pyramids

A

a bar graph used by demographers which shows the age distribution in a population

  • can be used to predict the populations growth potential
  • % of males in a different age group (left)
  • % of females in different age group (right)
  • age on y axis
19
Q

Age Distribution=

A

% of people in different age groups

20
Q

Expansive Population

A
  • triangular shape
  • rapid population growth, why?
  • many young people of reproductive age
  • fewer old people (not reproducing)
  • decreased average lifespan (standard of living low)
  • fertility rate: 4.7 children per female
21
Q

Stable Population

A
  • rectangular shape
  • zero population growth, why?
  • fewer young people of reproductive age
  • increased average lifespan (high standard of living)
  • fertility rate: 1.7 children per family
22
Q

Constrictive Population

A
  • inverted triangular shape
  • negative population growth, why?
  • fewer young people of reproductive age
  • large number of people past reproductive age
23
Q

Ecological Footprint

A

The amount of land that is required to support each person for their needs (food, water, transportation, housing & waste management in a country)

24
Q

6 major categories to human demands…

A

a) crop land (how much land we require to grow food)
b) grazing land ( how many animals do we eat)
c) fishing ground
d) forest land (building & paper)
e) carbon absorption (transportation - cars, trains)
f) building area

25
Q

Biocapacity

A

The earths carrying capacity for the human population

26
Q

Biocapacity in developed countries

A

Large carrying capacity (biocapacity) ecological overshoot we place many demands on environment

27
Q

Biocapacity in developing countries…

A

have a smaller carrying capacity (biocapacity)

28
Q

Impact of large ecological footprint on Earth

A

1) Declining Bio diversity

2) Threats to sustainability

29
Q

Sustainability

A

The quality of causing little or no damage to the environment over a continued period of time
ex: recycling habits

Bio unit 1 (3 decks)

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