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Bio unit 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecosystem

A

a group of populations along with abiotic factors that surround and affect them

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2
Q

Biome

A

large regions that have similar abiotic an biotic components

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3
Q

Biosphere

A

all areas on Earth (air, land, water) that are inhabited and supported by life

extends several km up and several km down (birds in sky and worms in soil)

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4
Q

Individual Organism

A

Part of a particular species

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5
Q

Population

A

a group of organisms living in an area (same species, same time, same place)

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6
Q

Community

A

2 or more interacting populations

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7
Q

Biosphere Hiarcheal Levels

A 
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biome
biosphere
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8
Q

How does energy enter and get stored in the biosphere

A
  • chemosynthesis

- photosynthesis

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9
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The suns light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide into carbon hydrates (glucose)

  • energy source: solar energy
  • byproduct: oxygen
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10
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Energy from nutrients is used to convert carbon dioxide into carbon hydrates (glucose) in absense of sunlight

  • energy stored in bonds
  • byproduct: sulfuric acid
  • break hydrogen sulfide to absorb energy
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11
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

-the process within cells where carbon hydrates are broken down to release energy
-occurs in mitochromia
-photosynthesis is opposite

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12
Q

How does energy flow through the biosphere?

A
  • continuous supply of energy in ecosystems

- energy moves in one way flow

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13
Q

The first law of Thermodynamics

A

States that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It is converted from one form of energy to another

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14
Q

Pyramid of Energy

A
  • represents amount of energy available at each trophic level
  • measured in KJ
  • drop a 0 at each level
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15
Q

Food Chain

A
  • linked diagram that shows 1 set of feeding relationships
  • not common in healthy ecosystems, organisms have more then 1 feeding relationship
  • fragile
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16
Q

Food Web

A
  • A linked diagram that shows all feeding relationships in an ecosystem
  • more common in healthy ecosystems
17
Q

Producer

A

An organism that produces their own food

-autortrophs

18
Q

Consumer

A

Consume organisms as a source of energy

  • heterotrophs
  • primary consumer
  • secondary consumer
  • triterary consumer
  • decomposer
19
Q

What determines how species are distributed in a biome?

A
  • abiotic factors

- range of toerence

20
Q

What determines the location of s biome?

A
  • climate
  • latitude (above equator)
  • soil
  • altitude (above sea level)
21
Q

Ecotones

A

area of transition between 2 biomes

22
Q

Tundra (Canadian North)

A
  • temp: -45 to 5
  • precipitation: low less then 25 cm/ yr cold dessert
  • indicator plants:short grass, lichen, moss
  • indicator animals: arctic fox, ptarmigan, caribou
  • features: permafrost (constantly frozen subsoil prevents drainage)
23
Q

Temp Deciduous Forrest

A
  • temp: -30 to 30
  • precipitation: 75-180 cm /yr (wetest biome)
  • plants: deciduous (broad) trees ex: maple, birch, oak
  • animals:black bear, dear, woodpecker
  • feature: layering of forest
24
Q

Boreal Forest

A
  • temp: -40 to 15
  • precipitation: 30 t0 85 cm/yr (mostly snow)
  • plants:coniferous (needle) trees ex: spruce, fir
  • animals: moose, red squirrel, ruffed grouse
  • features: largest canadian biome, acidic soil
25
Q

Grasslands

A
  • temp: -10 to 30
  • precipitation: 20 to 60 cm/yr
  • plants: short grass, long grass, mixed grass
  • animals: buffalo, snakes, mice
  • features:richest soil due to high decomposition of grass, warm temps to decay grass, low rainfall so nutrients don’t wash away
26
Q

Rivers

A
  • contain flowing water

- amount of water, speed of water, amount of sediment are important abiotic factors

27
Q

Lakes & Ponds

A
  • contain standing water
    1. littoral zone: region along shore
    2. limetic zone:region with deeper open water (some light, many fish)
    3. benthic zone: region in and just below bottom (low light, worms and insects)
28
Q

Estuaries

A
  • semi enclosed coastal ecosystems that are transitional between fresh and saltwater
  • change in salinity
  • high in nutrients (nurseries)
29
Q

Pelagic Zone (open water)

A

a) Neractic Zone: water over shelf
- shallow, 100 to 200 m deep
- warm, well lit, high nutrients, banks
b) Oceanic Zone: beyond continental shelf
- bathyal zone: 1000 to 4000 m deep low light 4 C
- abyssal zone: 4000 to 6000 m deep no light 0 C

30
Q

Intertidal Zone

A

Region of shore between high tide and low tide

  1. Upper intertidal: not underwater often splashed by water (algea)
  2. Middle intertidal: submerged daily between high and low tides (mussels and starfish)
  3. Lower intertidal: covered by water most of the time (sea weed, sea urchin)

Bio unit 1 (3 decks)

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