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Bio unit 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lag Stage

A

Slow growth, many resources, few individals

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2
Q

Exponential Stage

A

Population growing at its biotic potential (fast growth), found in lab conditions

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3
Q

Equilibrium Stage

A

No growth, meets environmental resistance (birth rate=death rate) many limiting factors, habitat at carrying capacity

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4
Q

How do we count organisms?

A

a) direct observation

b) indirect observation: tracks, nests, burrows, scat

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5
Q

Transects

A

A long narrow rectangular area used for sampling a population
Used: specie density is low & organisms are large

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6
Q

Quadrats

A

An area of specific size used for sampling a population in a square sampling area

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7
Q

Mark Recapture

A

A method where animals are caught, marked, released and caught again

Accuracy is dependant on 5 factors:

a) equal chances of catching marked and unmarked individuals
b) no animals can come or go
c) time is given to randomly disperse
d) no negative effect on captured animals
e) animals do not lose tag

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8
Q

Distribution Patterns

A

Determined by 2 factors:

1) distribution of ressources
2) interactions among members of a population

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9
Q

Clumped Distribution

A
  • Ressource Distribution: uneven
  • Ressource abundance: Varies
  • Interactions: Positive
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10
Q

Uniform Distribution

A
  • Resource Distribution: even
  • Resource abundance: scarce
  • Interactions: negative
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11
Q

Random Distribution

A
  • Ressource Distribution: uniform
  • Resource abundance: abundant
  • Interactions: neutral
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12
Q

Environmental Resistance

A

Sum total of all limiting factors in a population that keep population below carrying capacity

Environmental Resistance=
Density dependant (biotic)+ density independent (abiotic)
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13
Q

Demographie

A

The study of population changes (pop size and density)

B-BR increases
D-DR decreases
I-Immigration increases
E-Emmigration decreases

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14
Q

Population Explosion

A

population that grows fast before it can be obtained

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15
Q

Unlimited Environments

A
  • unlimited resources
  • species reach biotic potential
  • growth is exponential
  • biotic potential=average # of offspring produced /yr
  • produces J shaped curve
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16
Q

Biotic Potential Factors

A
  • number of offspring
  • number of offspring that survive to reproduce
  • age of reproductive maturity
  • number of times individual reproduce in their lifetime
  • lifespan of individual
17
Q

Limited Enviroments

A
  • limited resources
  • occurs in natural populations
  • produces S shaped curve
18
Q

S shaped curve

A

3 stages:

  1. lag
  2. exponential
  3. equilibrium

Habitat at carrying capacity

19
Q

J shaped curve

A

2 stages

  1. lag
  2. exponential

found in lab conditions

20
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The maximum population size a habitat can contain over a period of time

flat line

can change

21
Q

Density Dependant Factors

A

A factor that affects the growth of a population to a greater extent when there is an increased number of individuals

  • biotic factors
  • low density-little effect on population
  • high density- high effect on population
22
Q

Density Independent Factors

A

A factor that effects population growth the same way regardless of the number of individuals
-abiotic factors

23
Q

Survivorship Curve

A

Graph that shows a proportion of species alive at different ages

Type 3- High probability of surviving early in life but a rapid decline

Type 1- High survival early and into middle age few survive at old age

24
Q

R strategy

A
  • short lifespan
  • early reproductive stage
  • produce large numbers of young
  • little or no parental care
  • unstable environments
  • smaller organisms
  • exceeds carrying capacity then crashes
25
Q

K strategy

A
  • long lifespan
  • late reproductive age
  • produce few young
  • parental care is present
  • often exist in stable environments
  • larger organisms
  • exist close to carrying capacity without crashing
26
Q

Competition

A

Occurs between or among things that are trying to use the same limited resources

27
Q

Intraspecefic

A
  • Between 1 species

- Density dependant factors

28
Q

Interspecific

A
  • between 2 or more diff species
  • density independent

2 possibilities:

a) niches are identical
b) niches are non identical

29
Q

Predator & Prey Interactions

A

constant cycle, more prey predators increase, more predators prey decrease

30
Q

Symbiotic Interactions

A

A direct or close relationship between individuals of different species that live close together

31
Q

Mutualism

A

both partners benefit

ex: bee and flower

32
Q

Commensalism

A

one organism benefits while the other is not affected

ex: cattle and egrets

33
Q

Parasitism

A

one organism benefits while the other is harmed

ex: human and mosquito

34
Q

Invasive species

A

An organism that causes economic or ecological harm i. a new environment where it is not native

35
Q

Damage of invasive species

A

a) outcompetes native species really quick and can cause extinction
b) reduce biodiversity less biodiversity causing monoculture
c) can upset balance of food eb

36
Q

Ways to control invasive species

A

a) pesticides and herbicides

b) biological control: introduce other organisms into the food web that are predators or parasites of the pest

Bio unit 1 (3 decks)

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