Chapter 3 Flashcards
in regards to hydrogen bonding what happens within a covalent bond?
the more electronegative atoms “pulls” the electrons in the bond towards itself and away from the less electronegative atom
what charge does the higher electronegative atom have?
what about the atom with the lower EN?
the higher the electrongative - the more negative the partial charge is
lower EN the more positive partial charge
what are the electronegativities of Oxygen an Hydrogen?
oxygen is 3.5
hydrgoen is 2.1
what are the four emergent properties of water?
cohesion
moderation of temperature
solid water (ice) floats and is less dense
solvent of life
what is cohesion
adhesion?
what does this give water?
cohesion is the attraction of water molecules to other water molecules
adhesion is the attraction water molecules to other substances
this gives water high surface tension
give the definitions of:
kinetic energy
temperature
heat
energy of motion
temp measure of heat intensity and the average kinetic energy- molecular motion
heat- total kinetic energy
temperature moderation of water is because of ?
high specific heat capacity of water.
why does water have such high specific heat?
the energy needed to break the many hydrogen bonds
what is water vaporization?
change from liquid to gas
temp depends on?
heat depends on?
temp - speed
heat- mass and speed
why does ice float?
less dense
what type of substances go into solution with water?
polar and ionic substances as these have charge and are hydrophilic
how do substances dissolve in water?
what do water molecules do to the substances?
partial positive and negative charges created in molecules and charges of ions interact with water.
water hydrates of coats the substances
what substances dont dissolve well in water?
non-polar and non-ionic
they are hydrophobic
what is the equation for pH?
pH=-log([H+])
