Chapter 3

Question 1

Reciprocal Cross

Answer 1

F1 and F2 patterns are similar regardless of pollen and ovum source

Question 2

Unit Factors

Answer 2

genes located on homologous pairs, serve as basic units of heredity and pass unchanged from generation

Question 3

Segregation

Answer 3

paired unit factors segregate randomly during gamete formation

Question 4

Punnett square

Answer 4

allows genotypes and phenotypes resulting from cross to be visualized easily

Question 5

Dihybrid cross

Answer 5

If P is homozygous dom and homozygous rec, F1 will show dominant traits and F2 will be 9:3:3:1

Question 6

Independent Assortment

Answer 6

two pairs of contrasting traits are inherited independently

Question 7

Product Law

Answer 7

probability of two or more independent events occurring simultaneously is equal to the product of their individual probabilities

Question 8

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Answer 8

genetic material is contained within chromosomes- transmitted from generation to generation

Question 9

Locus

Answer 9

location on chromosome where gene occurs

Question 10

Genetic Ratios

Answer 10

expressed as probabilities

Question 11

Probabilities Range

Answer 11

range from 0(event will not occur) to 1(event will occur)

Question 12

Sum Law

Answer 12

calculates probability that possible outcomes of two event are independent of one another but can be accomplished in more than one way

Question 13

Chi-Square

Answer 13

evaluates the influence of chance on genetic data

Question 14

Null Hypothesis

Answer 14

assumes no real difference between measured values and predicted values (be rejected or fail to be rejected)

Question 15

Degrees of Freedom

Answer 15

(n-1) greater number of categories means more deviation is expected as a result of chance

Question 16

P-Value

Answer 16

between .5 to 1.0 (not reject null hypothesis)

Question 17

Pedigrees

Answer 17

family tree reveals pattern of inheritance of a given trait