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Genetics > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cytosol

A

colloidal material which surrounds cellular organelles

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2
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

made of microtubules and microfilaments, used for support

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3
Q

Smooth E.R.

A

site of lipid synthesis

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4
Q

Rough E.R.

A

site of protein synthesis

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5
Q

Mitochondria

A

site of ATP synthesis and cell respiration

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6
Q

Chloroplasts

A

site of photosynthesis

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7
Q

Centrioles

A

organize spindle fibers, located in centrosome

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8
Q

Spindle Fibers

A

composed of microtubules, moves chromosomes

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9
Q

Metacentric

A

centromere at middle

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10
Q

Submetacentric

A

centromere between middle and end

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11
Q

Acrocentric

A

centromere close to end

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12
Q

Telocentric

A

centromere at end

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13
Q

Karyokinesis

A

genetic material divided into two daughter cells during nuclear division

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14
Q

Cytokinesis

A

cytoplasmic division

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15
Q

Cell Cycle

A

continuous alternation between division and non division of cells

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16
Q

Interphase

A

longest part of cell cycle where cell grows and DNA replication occurs

17
Q

Prophase

A

chromosomes condense, centrioles move to cell ends, and nucleolus disintegrates

18
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

two parts of each chromosome connected by centromere

19
Q

Prometaphase

A

chromosomes move towards middle

20
Q

Metaphase

A

chromosomes line up at metaphase plate

21
Q

Cohesin

A

holds sister chromatids together

22
Q

Separase

A

degrade cohesion

23
Q

Shugoshin

A

prevents degradation of cohesion

24
Q

Anaphase

A

sister chromatids separate (disjunction) and move to poles

25
Q

Telophase

A

cytokinesis divides, chromosomes become chromatin again

26
Q

Kinases

A

enzyme products of mutated genes

27
Q

Cyclins

A

proteins that bind with kinases and activate them at appropriate times

28
Q

Crossing over

A

occurs in prophase I, increases genetic variation

29
Q

Synapsis

A

pairing of homologous chromosomes in prophase I

30
Q

Bivalent

A

each synapsed pair of homologs

31
Q

Terminal Chiasmata

A

hold non sister chromatids together

32
Q

Meiosis I

A

reductional division

33
Q

Meiosis II

A

equational division

34
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

spermatogonium cell to primary spermatocyte, meiotic division to two secondary spermatocyte, then to 4 spermatids

35
Q

Oogenesis

A

oogonium cell to primary oocyte, meiotic division to polar body and primary oocyte, then ootid and second polar body ( one egg )

Genetics (6 decks)

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