Chapter 1 Flashcards
Theory of Epigenesis
organisms develop from fertilized egg
Theory of Preformationism
states that fertilized egg contains a complete mini adult
Cell Theory
(Shleiden & Schwann) all organisms are composed of cells derived from preexisting cells
Spontaneous Generation
creation of living organisms from nonliving components (disproved by Pasteur)
Charles Darwin
Descent by modification and natural selection
Genetics
branch of biology concerned with the study of heredity and variation
Mitosis
2 identical daughter cells with diploid number of chromosomes
Meiosis
4 genetically different daughter cells with haploid number of chromosomes
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
inherited traits are controlled by genes on chromosomes, transmitted through gametes, and maintain genetic continuity
alleles
alternate forms of a gene
mutations
any heritable trait in DNA sequence
Genotype
set of alleles for given trait
Phenotype
expression of genotype produces observable features
Avery, MacLeod, Maclyn, McCarthy Discovery
DNA as carrier of genetic information in bacteria
DNA Structure
double helix, nucleotide with nitrogenous base
Transcription
in nucleus, DNA to RNA to ribosome as mRNA
Translation
mRNA codons to tRNA to protein chain
Gene Expression
proteins have enormous structural diversity and diverse functions
Enzymes
biological catalysts and largest category of proteins
Recombinant DNA Technology
began with discovery of restriction endonuclease, invades viral DNA at specific site
Vectors
carrier DNA molecules
Clones
recombinant molecules transferred to bacteria cells
Genomics
studies function, structure, and evolution of genes and genomes
Proteomics
identifies set of proteins in cells under a certain condition
Bioinformatics
hardware and software for processing nucleotide and protein data
