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Genetics > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Theory of Epigenesis

A

organisms develop from fertilized egg

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2
Q

Theory of Preformationism

A

states that fertilized egg contains a complete mini adult

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3
Q

Cell Theory

A

(Shleiden & Schwann) all organisms are composed of cells derived from preexisting cells

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4
Q

Spontaneous Generation

A

creation of living organisms from nonliving components (disproved by Pasteur)

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5
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Descent by modification and natural selection

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6
Q

Genetics

A

branch of biology concerned with the study of heredity and variation

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7
Q

Mitosis

A

2 identical daughter cells with diploid number of chromosomes

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8
Q

Meiosis

A

4 genetically different daughter cells with haploid number of chromosomes

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9
Q

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

A

inherited traits are controlled by genes on chromosomes, transmitted through gametes, and maintain genetic continuity

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10
Q

alleles

A

alternate forms of a gene

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11
Q

mutations

A

any heritable trait in DNA sequence

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12
Q

Genotype

A

set of alleles for given trait

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13
Q

Phenotype

A

expression of genotype produces observable features

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14
Q

Avery, MacLeod, Maclyn, McCarthy Discovery

A

DNA as carrier of genetic information in bacteria

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15
Q

DNA Structure

A

double helix, nucleotide with nitrogenous base

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16
Q

Transcription

A

in nucleus, DNA to RNA to ribosome as mRNA

17
Q

Translation

A

mRNA codons to tRNA to protein chain

18
Q

Gene Expression

A

proteins have enormous structural diversity and diverse functions

19
Q

Enzymes

A

biological catalysts and largest category of proteins

20
Q

Recombinant DNA Technology

A

began with discovery of restriction endonuclease, invades viral DNA at specific site

21
Q

Vectors

A

carrier DNA molecules

22
Q

Clones

A

recombinant molecules transferred to bacteria cells

23
Q

Genomics

A

studies function, structure, and evolution of genes and genomes

24
Q

Proteomics

A

identifies set of proteins in cells under a certain condition

25
Q

Bioinformatics

A

hardware and software for processing nucleotide and protein data

Genetics (6 decks)

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