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Pharmacy Tech > Chapter 29: The Cardiovascular, Circulatory, and Lymph Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 29: The Cardiovascular, Circulatory, and Lymph Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for high blood pressure (hypertension HTN)?

A

Obesity
High-sodium diet
Lack of physical activity
Stress
Excessive alcohol consumption
Genetics
Age (mostly over 35 years old)
Race (African Americans are at higher risk)

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2
Q

CHF

A

Congestive Heart Failure

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3
Q

Cardiac Glycoside Drug of Choice:

A

digoxin/ Lanoxin
Most patients are started on a high dose of digoxin and maintained on about one-quarter of the original dose. This process is called digitalization.

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4
Q

Commonly called “water pills.”

A

Diuretics

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5
Q

Allows more blood to exit the heart, thereby preventing or mitigating congestion and increasing cardiac output.

A

Vasodilators

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6
Q

Work directly on the blood vessels in the arms and legs to treat moderate to severe HTN.

A

Peripheral Vasodilators

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7
Q

Drug of Choice to Treat Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A

ACE Inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors)
-pril

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8
Q

The drug preferred for treatment of a particular condition or disease.

A

Drug of Choice (DOC)

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9
Q

Oral anticoagulant Drug of Choice (DOC)

A

warfarin

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10
Q

Parenteral Anticoagulant Drug of Choice (DOC)

A

heparin

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11
Q

Code FAST

A

Stroke protocol.
F (ace)
A (rms)
S (peech)
T (ime)

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12
Q

What is the “window of opportunity” for tissue plasminogen activators (t-PAs)?

A

Usually less than 3 hours from the onset of symptoms, however some thrombolytics may be used within 6 hours from the onset of symptoms.
These drugs are extremely expensive.

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13
Q

A recently compounded thrombolytic (t-PA) has an expiration time of:

A

8-24 hours

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14
Q

What is the antidote for a warfarin overdose?

A

Vitamin K

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15
Q

What is the antidote for a heparin overdose?

A

protamine sulfate

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16
Q

What is the antidote for a thrombolytic enzyme overdose?

A

aminocaproic acid

17
Q

Drugs with a very small difference between therapeutic and toxic doses:

A

Narrow Therapeutic Index (NTI) Drugs

18
Q

Three Examples of NTI Drugs:

A

digoxin
warfarin
heparin

19
Q

What is the difference between “generic equivalent” and “therapeutic equivalent”?

A

A generic equivalent must contain the same active ingredient.
A therapeutic equivalent is expected to have an equal effect as the drug it is being substituted for.
The FDA Orange book covers generic and therapeutic equivalents.

20
Q

adenosine/ Adenocard

A

Used in crash cart to slow irregular/rapid heartbeat.

21
Q

aspirin

A

Used in crash cart during heart attack to this blood and increase blood flow.

22
Q

atropine

A

Used in crash cart to dry up saliva for intubation. Also used to stabilize heart rate during/after heart attack.

23
Q

dextrose

A

Used in crash cart for hypoglycemia and insulin shock.

24
Q

digoxin/ Lanoxin

A

Used in crash cart to treat heart failure.

25
Q

epinepherine

A

Crash cart usage: Smaller dose is used for severe allergic reactions, larger dose is used to jump-start the heart.

26
Q

flumazenil/ Romazicon

A

Used in crash cart to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine overdoses.

27
Q

furosemide/ Lasix

A

Used in crash cart to help eliminate fluids and excess drugs from the patient’s system.

28
Q

Glucagon

A

Used in crash cart to treat hypoglycemia.

29
Q

glucose, oral

A

Used in crash cart to treat hypoglycemia.

30
Q

heparin

A

Used in crash cart to thin blood and increase blood flow.

31
Q

lidocaine

A

Used in crash cart to relax the heart muscle.

32
Q

magnesium sulfate

A

Used in crash cart to lower blood pressure.

33
Q

naloxone/ Narcan

A

Used in crash cart to reverse opioid overdoses.

34
Q

nitroglycerine tab/ spray

A

Used in crash cart to relax blood vessels (vasodilator) and promote blood flow.

35
Q

vasopressin

A

Used in crash cart to raise blood pressure.

36
Q

sodium bicarbonate

A

Used in crash cart to treat severe metabolic acidosis.

37
Q

verapamil

A

Used in crash cart to treat high blood pressure (HTN).

Pharmacy Tech (14 decks)

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