Chapter 27: The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
A bacterial infection inside the bone that destroys bone tissue.
Ostermyelitis
A bone brittleness due to lack of calcium.
Osteoporosis
Changes the normal process of bone growth; bone breaks down faster and grows back softer.
Paget’s Disease
A very common treatment for osteoporosis. Inhibits bone resorption and osteoclast activity and restores bone mass and density.
Bisphosphonates
Inhibits bone resorption and decreases the number of bone fractures from low bone density by increasing bone growth and the number and action of osteoclasts. Available as an injection or nasal spray.
Calcitonin
Are an option for postmenopausal women to treat osteoporosis. Also have a protective effect on the bones and heart.
SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators)
An inflammation of the tendons (cords of connective tissue that attach muscle tissue to bone)
Tendonitis
Muscle pain.
Myalgia
Failure of the bone marrow to produce the components of the red blood cells.
Anemia
Begins when one or more white blood cells experience deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) loss or damage.
Leukemia
The inflammation of a joint.
Arthritis
A progressive form of arthritis that has devastating effects on the joints, body organs, and general health. It is classified as an autoimmune disease.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A progressive disease characterized by the breakdown of joint cartilage.
Osteoarthritis
Caused by the deposit of uric acid in the joint synovial fluid of the big toes, knees, elbows, and some soft tissues.
Gout
This treatment usually takes 6-8 months to reach full effectiveness and is considered a slow-acting long-term treatment for RA.
DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs)
Related the the antibiotic penicillin (PCN). It is a chelator, meaning it bind to heavy metals in the body. Used to treat RA. You can take this even if you are allergic to PCN.
Penicillamine
A combination of salicylate and an antibiotic originally used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Now used to treat RA.
Sulfasalazines
Originally used to treat malaria and lupus, now used to treat RA. The drug may deposit in the retina and cause visual impairment. Therefore, an eye exam is recommended every 6 months.
Hydroxychloroquine
Helps slow the progression of joint damage caused by RA. Has the potential for liver damage, so patients must be monitored.
Leflunomide
Secondary lines of therapy for RA:
NSAIDs
