Chapter 27: The Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

A bacterial infection inside the bone that destroys bone tissue.

Answer 1

Ostermyelitis

Question 2

A bone brittleness due to lack of calcium.

Answer 2

Osteoporosis

Question 3

Changes the normal process of bone growth; bone breaks down faster and grows back softer.

Answer 3

Paget’s Disease

Question 4

A very common treatment for osteoporosis. Inhibits bone resorption and osteoclast activity and restores bone mass and density.

Answer 4

Bisphosphonates

Question 5

Inhibits bone resorption and decreases the number of bone fractures from low bone density by increasing bone growth and the number and action of osteoclasts. Available as an injection or nasal spray.

Answer 5

Calcitonin

Question 6

Are an option for postmenopausal women to treat osteoporosis. Also have a protective effect on the bones and heart.

Answer 6

SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators)

Question 7

An inflammation of the tendons (cords of connective tissue that attach muscle tissue to bone)

Answer 7

Tendonitis

Question 8

Muscle pain.

Answer 8

Myalgia

Question 9

Failure of the bone marrow to produce the components of the red blood cells.

Answer 9

Anemia

Question 10

Begins when one or more white blood cells experience deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) loss or damage.

Answer 10

Leukemia

Question 11

The inflammation of a joint.

Answer 11

Arthritis

Question 12

A progressive form of arthritis that has devastating effects on the joints, body organs, and general health. It is classified as an autoimmune disease.

Answer 12

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 13

A progressive disease characterized by the breakdown of joint cartilage.

Answer 13

Osteoarthritis

Question 14

Caused by the deposit of uric acid in the joint synovial fluid of the big toes, knees, elbows, and some soft tissues.

Answer 14

Gout

Question 15

This treatment usually takes 6-8 months to reach full effectiveness and is considered a slow-acting long-term treatment for RA.

Answer 15

DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs)

Question 16

Related the the antibiotic penicillin (PCN). It is a chelator, meaning it bind to heavy metals in the body. Used to treat RA. You can take this even if you are allergic to PCN.

Answer 16

Penicillamine

Question 17

A combination of salicylate and an antibiotic originally used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Now used to treat RA.

Answer 17

Sulfasalazines

Question 18

Originally used to treat malaria and lupus, now used to treat RA. The drug may deposit in the retina and cause visual impairment. Therefore, an eye exam is recommended every 6 months.

Answer 18

Hydroxychloroquine

Question 19

Helps slow the progression of joint damage caused by RA. Has the potential for liver damage, so patients must be monitored.

Answer 19

Leflunomide

Question 20

Secondary lines of therapy for RA:

Answer 20

NSAIDs