Chapter 24: The Skin

Question 1

Largest Organ of the Body

Answer 1

The Skin

Question 2

Functions of the Skin

Answer 2

1. Acts as a mechanical barrier to infection.
2. Enables and enhances the sense of touch.
3. Assists in the regulation of body temperature.
4. Allows excretion of waste products and salt from the body.
5. Through exposure to sunlight, it enables synthesis of vitamin D for the absorption of calcium.

Question 3

The Epidermis, Dermis, and Subcutaneous Layer

Answer 3

3 Main Layers of the Skin

Question 4

Outermost Layer of the Skin

Answer 4

Epidermis
Contains Melanocytes (where pigment is stored)
Thinnest Layer of Skin
AKA Scarfskin or Cuticle Layer

Question 5

Middle Layer of the Skin

Answer 5

Dermis
Contains Fibroblasts
Contains Immune Cells Involved in Defense.
Houses follicles, blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, and sensory receptors for touch, pain, heat, and cold.
Helps Maintain Body Temp @ 98.6 degrees.

Question 6

Innermost Layer of the Skin

Answer 6

Subcutaneous Layer (aka hypodermis)
Outermost Part of the Muscle is Located Here.
Stores Adipose (fat) Tissue and Contains Connective Tissue.

Question 7

An Area of Red, Inflamed Skin, or a Group of Red Spots Caused by Irritation, Allergy, Infection, or Defects in the Skin Structure

Answer 7

Rash
Examples of Rash: Contact Dermatitis and Hives

Question 8

A Skin Inflammation That Manifests With Red Pimple-Like Bumps and is Characterized by Itching, Blistering, or Oozing Areas That Progress to Scaly, Brownish, or Thickened Skin

Answer 8

Eczema
Treatments Include Immunomodulator (modulates the immune system to help body respond to condition) Creams and Ointments.
Elidel (pimecrolimus) (cream): used for mild-to-moderate atopic eczema
Protopic (tacrolimus) (cream): used for severe atopic eczema.

Question 9

A Noncontagious Chronic Immune Disorder in Which Specific Immune Cells Become Overactive and Release Excessive Amounts of Proteins Called Cytokines (TNF)

Answer 9

Psoriasis
Treatments Include:
Enbrel (etanercept) (SC injectable) (Anti-TNF)
Remicade (infliximab) (IV infusion) (combined with methotrexate (MTX))

Question 10

Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal

Answer 10

Types of Skin Infections

Question 11

Herpes Simplex, Warts, Shingles

Answer 11

Viral Skin Infections
Antivirals Must be Used to Treat.
ABX (antibiotics) and Antibacterials Cannot Cure Viral Infections.

Question 12

Aldara (imiquimod) 5% Cream

Answer 12

A New Drug For Treating Sexually Transmitted External Genital and Anal Warts.
Immunomodulator

Question 13

The Most Common Sexually Transmitted Infection

Answer 13

HPV (human papillomavirus)
Gardasil Vaccine

Question 14

An Invasion of Pathogens Into the Body. Occurs When a Pathogenic Microbe is Able to Multiply in the Tissues (colonize)

Answer 14

Infection

Question 15

A Disease-Causing Microorganism

Answer 15

Pathogen

Question 16

Kills Microorganisms

Answer 16

Bactericidal

Question 17

Inhibits the Growth and/or Reproduction of Microorganisms

Answer 17

Bacteriostatic

Question 18

Lyme Disease, Impetigo, Folliculitis, and Cellulitis

Answer 18

Bacterial Infections
ABX (antibiotics) can be applied topically or taken orally.

Question 19

Athlete’s Foot, Yeast Infections, Jock Itch, and Ringworm

Answer 19

Fungal Infections (aka mycoses)
Treated With Antifungals (-azole)

Question 20

An Acute, Deep Infection of the Connective Tissue Accompanied by Inflammation.

Answer 20

Cellulitis
RX Treatment includes oral ABX (antibiotics) like cefazolin (Ancef) or a piggyback IV infusion of Ancef (cefazolin)

Question 21

isotretinoin

Answer 21

Accutane
Treatments for Acne
IPledge Program
Category X Pregnancy Precaution

Question 22

An Organism That Lives Inside Another Organism

Answer 22

Parasite
Scabies is an example.

Question 23

A Malignant Tumor

Answer 23

Carcinoma

Question 24

Occurs When Skin Cells Multiply or Reproduce Faster Than Normal

Answer 24

Tumors and Cancerous Growths

Question 25

The Most Common and Most Curable Skin Cancer

Answer 25

Basal Cell Carcinoma
Accounts for 25% of all new cancers.

Question 26

The Second Most Common Skin Cancer

Answer 26

Squamous Cell Cancer
Accounts for 20% of all skin cancers.

Question 27

The Deadliest Form of Skin Cancer

Answer 27

Malignant Melanoma
The signal is a mole that changes shape or color or starts to bleed.

Question 28

Actinic Keratosis (AK), Also Called Solar Keratosis

Answer 28

Precancerous Condition

Question 29

Types of Burns

Answer 29

Thermal, Chemical, Electrical, Friction, and Sunburn

Question 30

Degrees of Burns

Answer 30

First Degree- superficial
Second Degree- moderate
Third Degree- critical (skin grafting recommended)
Fourth Degree- critical (skin grafting required)

Question 31

Types of Herpes

Answer 31

Herpes Simplex 1 is oral herpes
Can be spread through kissing and sharing toothbrushes or eating
utensils. (cold sores)
Herpes Type 2 is contracted through sexual contact. (genital)

Question 32

Drug Classes That May Cause Photosensitivity

Answer 32

antibiotics
thiazide diuretics
quinolones
NSAIDs
antifungals
antihistamines
antidepressants

Question 33

Drugs That May Cause Photosensitivity

Answer 33

tetracycline
ciprofloxacin
doxepin
cardizem
methotrexate (MTX)
ibuprofen
sulfasalazine

Question 34

Diseases That May Cause Photosensitivity

Answer 34

Lupus
Rosacea
Atopic Dermatitis
Psoriasis

Question 35

Acne is Caused By:

Answer 35

Bacteria