Chapter 24: The Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Largest Organ of the Body

A

The Skin

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2
Q

Functions of the Skin

A
  1. Acts as a mechanical barrier to infection.
  2. Enables and enhances the sense of touch.
  3. Assists in the regulation of body temperature.
  4. Allows excretion of waste products and salt from the body.
  5. Through exposure to sunlight, it enables synthesis of vitamin D for the absorption of calcium.
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3
Q

The Epidermis, Dermis, and Subcutaneous Layer

A

3 Main Layers of the Skin

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4
Q

Outermost Layer of the Skin

A

Epidermis
Contains Melanocytes (where pigment is stored)
Thinnest Layer of Skin
AKA Scarfskin or Cuticle Layer

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5
Q

Middle Layer of the Skin

A

Dermis
Contains Fibroblasts
Contains Immune Cells Involved in Defense.
Houses follicles, blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, and sensory receptors for touch, pain, heat, and cold.
Helps Maintain Body Temp @ 98.6 degrees.

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6
Q

Innermost Layer of the Skin

A

Subcutaneous Layer (aka hypodermis)
Outermost Part of the Muscle is Located Here.
Stores Adipose (fat) Tissue and Contains Connective Tissue.

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7
Q

An Area of Red, Inflamed Skin, or a Group of Red Spots Caused by Irritation, Allergy, Infection, or Defects in the Skin Structure

A

Rash
Examples of Rash: Contact Dermatitis and Hives

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8
Q

A Skin Inflammation That Manifests With Red Pimple-Like Bumps and is Characterized by Itching, Blistering, or Oozing Areas That Progress to Scaly, Brownish, or Thickened Skin

A

Eczema
Treatments Include Immunomodulator (modulates the immune system to help body respond to condition) Creams and Ointments.
Elidel (pimecrolimus) (cream): used for mild-to-moderate atopic eczema
Protopic (tacrolimus) (cream): used for severe atopic eczema.

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9
Q

A Noncontagious Chronic Immune Disorder in Which Specific Immune Cells Become Overactive and Release Excessive Amounts of Proteins Called Cytokines (TNF)

A

Psoriasis
Treatments Include:
Enbrel (etanercept) (SC injectable) (Anti-TNF)
Remicade (infliximab) (IV infusion) (combined with methotrexate (MTX))

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10
Q

Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal

A

Types of Skin Infections

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11
Q

Herpes Simplex, Warts, Shingles

A

Viral Skin Infections
Antivirals Must be Used to Treat.
ABX (antibiotics) and Antibacterials Cannot Cure Viral Infections.

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12
Q

Aldara (imiquimod) 5% Cream

A

A New Drug For Treating Sexually Transmitted External Genital and Anal Warts.
Immunomodulator

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13
Q

The Most Common Sexually Transmitted Infection

A

HPV (human papillomavirus)
Gardasil Vaccine

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14
Q

An Invasion of Pathogens Into the Body. Occurs When a Pathogenic Microbe is Able to Multiply in the Tissues (colonize)

A

Infection

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15
Q

A Disease-Causing Microorganism

A

Pathogen

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16
Q

Kills Microorganisms

A

Bactericidal

17
Q

Inhibits the Growth and/or Reproduction of Microorganisms

A

Bacteriostatic

18
Q

Lyme Disease, Impetigo, Folliculitis, and Cellulitis

A

Bacterial Infections
ABX (antibiotics) can be applied topically or taken orally.

19
Q

Athlete’s Foot, Yeast Infections, Jock Itch, and Ringworm

A

Fungal Infections (aka mycoses)
Treated With Antifungals (-azole)

20
Q

An Acute, Deep Infection of the Connective Tissue Accompanied by Inflammation.

A

Cellulitis
RX Treatment includes oral ABX (antibiotics) like cefazolin (Ancef) or a piggyback IV infusion of Ancef (cefazolin)

21
Q

isotretinoin

A

Accutane
Treatments for Acne
IPledge Program
Category X Pregnancy Precaution

22
Q

An Organism That Lives Inside Another Organism

A

Parasite
Scabies is an example.

23
Q

A Malignant Tumor

24
Q

Occurs When Skin Cells Multiply or Reproduce Faster Than Normal

A

Tumors and Cancerous Growths

25
The Most Common and Most Curable Skin Cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma Accounts for 25% of all new cancers.
26
The Second Most Common Skin Cancer
Squamous Cell Cancer Accounts for 20% of all skin cancers.
27
The Deadliest Form of Skin Cancer
Malignant Melanoma The signal is a mole that changes shape or color or starts to bleed.
28
Actinic Keratosis (AK), Also Called Solar Keratosis
Precancerous Condition
29
Types of Burns
Thermal, Chemical, Electrical, Friction, and Sunburn
30
Degrees of Burns
First Degree- superficial Second Degree- moderate Third Degree- critical (skin grafting recommended) Fourth Degree- critical (skin grafting required)
31
Types of Herpes
Herpes Simplex 1 is oral herpes Can be spread through kissing and sharing toothbrushes or eating utensils. (cold sores) Herpes Type 2 is contracted through sexual contact. (genital)
32
Drug Classes That May Cause Photosensitivity
antibiotics thiazide diuretics quinolones NSAIDs antifungals antihistamines antidepressants
33
Drugs That May Cause Photosensitivity
tetracycline ciprofloxacin doxepin cardizem methotrexate (MTX) ibuprofen sulfasalazine
34
Diseases That May Cause Photosensitivity
Lupus Rosacea Atopic Dermatitis Psoriasis
35
Acne is Caused By:
Bacteria