Chapter 29 Test Flashcards
Why does a cactus have a lot of parenchyma cells?
A cactus has a large amount of parenchyma cells because it needs to store a large amount of water
Where are parenchyma cells found most abundantly?
Fleshy parts of fruit, flexible green stems
What are the dominant physical characteristics of Sclerenchyma cells?
S. Cells have thick, even rigid cell walls, irregularly shaped, where growth is no longer occurring
Groups of different cells working together form-
Tissue
When different plant tissues are grouped together, they make up the plant organs. What are the three major plant organs?
Roots, stems, leaves
Which cell type is found in most abundantly in dermal tissue
Parenchyma (may be living or dead)
What are two different types of sclerenchyma cells forming the xylem?
Tracheids, vescile elements (long tubes)
Where are the apical meristems located?
Tips of stems and ends of roots
What is the vascular cambium between?
Xylem and phloem
What is the difference between the two types of lateral or secondary meristems?
Vascular cambium produces more vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) cork cambium produces cork
What is the difference between primary and secondary growth?
Growth in length is called primary growth and is produced by apical and intercelery meristems. Growth in diameter is called secondary growth and is produced by the lateral meristem.
What are the three different types of fruits? Give one example each
A. Taproot- route from carrot radish, most woody trees
B. Fibrous root system- grasses
C. Adventitious roots- corn
What don’t primary roots grow larger
Primary roots do not grow larger than secondary roots
What does the phloem do inside of endodermis?
Inside of endodermis phloem is arranged in patches
Does a water lily need much water?
No, it doesn’t because it’s surrounded by water
Stems grow in a large variety of different forms as adaptation to the environment. List for different types of stems and give one example of each.
A. Stolons- strawberry
B. Tubers- potato
C. Fleshy stems- cactus.
D. Thorny stems- rosebush
What do stems do on monocots?
On monocots, stems, retain primary growth most of their lives
Contrast the arrangement of xylem and phloem in the stem versus the root
Xylem and phloem are more compact in roots. Monocot stems, have vascular bundles that move the water and nutrients and are scattered throughout the ground tissue. The xylem and phloem of stems are arranged in bundles much closer to outer dermal tissue, but they are in the center of the root.
Where are the lateral meristems and dicot stems located?
Between xylem and phloem of vascular bundle
What produces one annual ring in a tree trunk?
In a stem cross-section, the abrupt change between small Summerwood cells, and the following years large Springwood cells produce an annual ring
What is the specialized process of moving water and nutrients up from the roots of a plant through the stem and out through the leaves?
Transportation
What two properties cause water to move up roots and stems
Cohesion; adhesion
Sugars plant hormones and organic compounds are moved about the plant in any direction through the phloem. Most of the sugars. A plant produces are from the leaves. What is the process called where sugars are moved from their production site to their storage site
Translocation
Storage areas within the stems and roots are called-
Sink
What are stomata
Specialized set of cells that form a pore
Explain how stomata work
The stomata of most plants open during the day and close at night. The opening and closing of a stoma is regulated by the amount of water in it’s guard cells
When do most plants keep their stomata open and why?
During the day to complete photosynthesis also in need of carbon dioxide
How are the leaves of plants that live in full bright sun different from those that grow better in shady spots
Leaves that develop in full sun or thicker, have a less surface area per leaf and have more chloroplasts per unit area leaves that are in shady spots are leaf chloroplasts are arranged so that shading of one chloroplast buy another is minimized, while Sunleaf chloroplasts are not
