Chapter 29 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ostpolitik

A

German for “Eastern policy”; West Germany’s attempt in the 1970s to ease diplomatic tensions with East Germany, exemplifying the policies of detente.

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2
Q

Detente

A

The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions that emerged in the early 1970s.

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3
Q

Second Vatican Council

A

A meeting of Catholic leaders convened from 1962 to 1965 that initiated a number of reforms, including the replacement of Latin with local languages in church services, designed to democratize the church and renew its appeal.

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4
Q

New Left

A

A 1960s counterculture movement that embraced updated forms of Marxism to challenge both Western capitalism and Soviet-style communism.

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5
Q

Brezhnev Doctrine

A

Doctrine created by Leonid Brezhnev that held that the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any East Bloc country when necessary to preserve Communist rule.

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6
Q

OPEC

A

The Arab-led Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

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7
Q

Stagflation

A

Term coined in the early 1980s to describe the combination of low growth and high inflation that led to a worldwide recession.

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8
Q

Postindustrial Society

A

A society that relies on high-tech and service-oriented jobs for economic growth rather than heavy industry and manufacturing jobs.

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9
Q

Neoliberalism

A

Philosophy of 1980s conservatives who argued for privatization of state-run industries and decreased government spending on social services.

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10
Q

Privatization

A

The sale of state-managed industries such as transportation and communication networks to private owners, a key policy of neoliberalism private profits, and foster economic growth, which was implemented in western Europe in response to the economic crisis of the 1970s.

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11
Q

Developed Socialism

A

A term used by Communist leaders to describe the socialist accomplishments of their societies, such as nationalized industry, collective agriculture, and extensive social welfare programs.

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12
Q

Solitary

A

Independent Polish trade union that worked for workers’ rights and political reform throughout the 1980s.

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13
Q

Perestroika

A

Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Premier Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in 1985.

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14
Q

Glasnost

A

Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev’s popular campaign for openness in government and the media.

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15
Q

Velvet Revolution

A

The term given to the peaceful overthrow of communism in Czechoslovakia; the label came to signify the collapse of East Bloc in general in 1989 to 1990.

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