Chapter 29 Flashcards
Ostpolitik
German for “Eastern policy”; West Germany’s attempt in the 1970s to ease diplomatic tensions with East Germany, exemplifying the policies of detente.
Detente
The progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions that emerged in the early 1970s.
Second Vatican Council
A meeting of Catholic leaders convened from 1962 to 1965 that initiated a number of reforms, including the replacement of Latin with local languages in church services, designed to democratize the church and renew its appeal.
New Left
A 1960s counterculture movement that embraced updated forms of Marxism to challenge both Western capitalism and Soviet-style communism.
Brezhnev Doctrine
Doctrine created by Leonid Brezhnev that held that the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any East Bloc country when necessary to preserve Communist rule.
OPEC
The Arab-led Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Stagflation
Term coined in the early 1980s to describe the combination of low growth and high inflation that led to a worldwide recession.
Postindustrial Society
A society that relies on high-tech and service-oriented jobs for economic growth rather than heavy industry and manufacturing jobs.
Neoliberalism
Philosophy of 1980s conservatives who argued for privatization of state-run industries and decreased government spending on social services.
Privatization
The sale of state-managed industries such as transportation and communication networks to private owners, a key policy of neoliberalism private profits, and foster economic growth, which was implemented in western Europe in response to the economic crisis of the 1970s.
Developed Socialism
A term used by Communist leaders to describe the socialist accomplishments of their societies, such as nationalized industry, collective agriculture, and extensive social welfare programs.
Solitary
Independent Polish trade union that worked for workers’ rights and political reform throughout the 1980s.
Perestroika
Economic restructuring and reform implemented by Premier Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union in 1985.
Glasnost
Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev’s popular campaign for openness in government and the media.
Velvet Revolution
The term given to the peaceful overthrow of communism in Czechoslovakia; the label came to signify the collapse of East Bloc in general in 1989 to 1990.
