Chapter 14

Question 1

Conquistador

Answer 1

Spanish for “conqueror”; Spanish soldier-explorers, such as Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.

Question 2

Caravel

Answer 2

A small, maneuverable, three-mast sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.

Question 3

Ptolemy’s Geography

Answer 3

A second-century-C.E. work synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced the idea of longitude and latitude. Reintroduced to Europeans about 1410 by Arab Scholars.

Question 4

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 4

The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything to the west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.

Question 5

Mexica Empire

Answer 5

Also known as the Aztec Empire, a large and complex Native American civilization in modern Mexico and Central America that possessed advanced mathematical, astronomical, and engineering technology.

Question 6

Inca Empire

Answer 6

The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco was that at its peak from 1438 unti 1532

Question 7

viceroyalties

Answer 7

The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata

Question 8

encomienda system

Answer 8

A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians in exchange for providing food, shelter, and Christians teaching.

Question 9

Columbian exchange

Answer 9

The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.