Chapter 18 Flashcards
Community controls
A pattern of cooperation and common action in a traditional village that sought to uphold the economic, social, and moral stability of the closely knit community.
Charivari
Degrading public rituals used by village communities to police personal behavior and maintain moral standards.
Illegitimacy explosion
The sharp increase in out-of-wedlock births that occurred in Europe between 1750 and 1850, caused by low wages and the breakdown of community controls.
Wet-nursing
A widespread and flourishing business the eighteenth century in which women were paid to breastfeed other women’s’ babies.
Blood sports
Events such as bullbaiting and cockfighting that involved inflicting violence and bloodshed on animals and that were popular with the eighteenth-century European masses.
Carnival
The few days of revelry in Catholic countries that preceded Lent and that included drinking, masquerading, dancing, and rowdy spectacles that upset that established order.
Just price
The idea that prices should be fair, protecting both consumers and producers, and that they should be imposed by government decree if necessary.
Consumer revolution
The wide-ranging growth in consumption and new attitudes toward consumer good that emerged in the cities of northwestern Europe in the second half of the eighteenth century.
Pietism
A Protestant revival movement in early-eighteenth-century Germany and Scandinavia that emphasized a warm and emotional religion, the priesthood of all believers, and the power of Christian rebirth in everyday affairs.
Methodists
Members of a Protestant revival movement started by John Weasley, so called because they were so methodical in their devotion.
Jansenism
A sect of Catholicism originating with Cornelius Jansen that emphasized the heavy weight of original sin and accepted the doctrine of predestination; it was outlawed as heresy by the pope.
