Chapter 29 Flashcards
Anorexia is?
Loss of appetite
What factors affect eating & nutrition?
Name 6
- Culture & religion
- Personal Choice & finances
- Appetite & body reaction
- Aging
- Illness & disability
- Chewing & swallowing
Many GI changes occur with ____
Aging
A person has difficulty getting enough food & fluids for good nutrition & fluid balance. This is called?
Related to Dysphagia
Slow swallow
When the food enters the airway, what kind of swallow is this?
Unsafe swallow
What are the three liquid thickness in a dysphagia diet?
- Nectar
- Honey
- Pudding
______ is mildly thick. The liquid coats and drips off of a spoon. It can flow through a straw
Nectar thick
______ is moderately thick. Liquid flows off of a spoon like honey.
Honey-thick
If a patient can drink the liquid from a cup, what thickness is the liquid?
Honey-thick
_________ extremely thick. The liquid stays on a spoon in a soft mound. It can be sipped or served with a spoon.
Pudding thick
If the liquid can stay on a spoon in a soft mound, the thickness is?
Pudding thick
What is changed in a dysphagia diet to help ease swallowing?
Food thickness, texture, and liquid thickness
What are the two food textures for a dysphagia diet?
- Mechanical Soft
- Pureed
________ food is smooth, uniform texture and hold their shape on a spoon.
Pureed
______ foods are pudding-like and have no lumps
Pureed
________ foods have a moist, soft texture. Meats are chopped, blended, or ground.
Mechanical soft
What diet involved well cooked vegetables?
Mechanical soft diet
What liquid is mildly thick?
Nectar thick
What liquid is moderately thick?
Honey thick
What liquid is spoon-thick?
Pudding thick
For aspiration precautions, the person remains upright for at least __ hour after eating
One hour
For aspiration precautions what parts of the body should be supported with a pillow?
- Upper back
- Shoulders
- Neck
For aspiration precautions, can a patient use a straw?
Follow the care plan for straw use, straw may not be allowed.
If a patient has dysphagia, what should you check after they are done eating?
Check persons mouth for pocketing
Difficulty breathing during or after meals or snacks is a sign of?
aspiration
If you observed the patient choking and coughing during their meal, what should you do? What is it a symptom of?
- Report it at once
- Aspiration
A patient has abnormal breathing and respiratory sounds, what is this a symptom of?
Aspiration
What are the four dining programs?
- Social dining
- Low-stimulation dining
- Restaurant-style dining
- Open dining
To promote safety & comfort when preparing meals, what safety measures does the patient need to do before meals?
- Eliminate
- Oral hygiene
- Hand Hygiene
When removing food from a patients mouth, what safety measures should you follow?
- Use spongswabs as needed
- Have person tip chin downward (toward the chest)
If you cannot remove food easily from patients mouth, what should you do?
Call the nurse
Cleaning a patients mouth after eating
The person tips their chin downward (toward the chest), what is the purpose of this?
Prevent aspiration
Use a ______ to feed the person
teaspoon
The teaspoon should be only _____ full when feeding a patient
1/3 full
Visually impaired patient often recognize foods from their ______
aromas
When feeding a visually impaired patient, what should you describe to the patient?
describe what is on the plate and what you are offering
The numbers on a clock are used to help a ______ ______ person locate food
visually impaired
T/F: You should describe foods and fluids and their place on the plate to only visually impaired patients.
FALSE: Also for persons who feed themselves too
What are finger foods?
breads, cookies, crackers
T/F: For a dementia patient, a plate may be easier than a bowl
FALSE: Bowl is easier
What makes drinking easier for a dementia patient?
Use straws or cups with lids
You should limit the number of food choices for patients who have?
Dementia
T/F: Offer larger meals for dementia patients
FALSE: Offer several smaller meals during the day
________ is giving nutrients into the gastro-intestinal tract through a feeding tube.
Enteral nutrition
What are the two common feeding tubes?
- Naso-gastric (NG) tube
- Gastrostomy tube
What is Gavage?
processing of giving tube feeding
What can aspiration cause?
pneumonia & death
Aspiration can occur when?
- During insertion
- From tubing moving out of place
- From regurgitation
T/F: You check the feeding tube placement
FALSE: Nurse does that, you NEVER do it
To prevent aspiration & regurgitation, what position should the patient be in? How long should they be in that position after feeding?
- Fowler’s or semi-fowlers position
- 1 to 2 hours after feeding
Every 2 hours a patient with a feeding tube receives: oral hygiene, lubricant for lips and what else?
Mouth rinses
A patient with a feeding tube should receive oral hygiene and lubricant for lips every ___ hours
2 hours
A patient with a feeding tube needs their nose & nostrils cleaned every ___ to ___ hours
4 to 8 hours
T/F: Re-taping the feeding is needed
FALSE: re-taping irritates skin
What are the two ways you can secure the feeding tube to the patients garment?
- Loop rubber band around the tube, then pin rubber band to garment
- Tape tube to garment
Standing communicates being in a _______
hurry
Wiping the person’s hands, face, and mouth promote?
Comfort & dignity
The person must be alert enough to ____
Eat
_________ is a major risk from tube feedings
Aspiration
