Chapter 28 Nutrition Flashcards
Explain the purpose of MyPlate, describe functions and sources of nutrients, how to assist with measuring food intake, and describe special diets and between-meal snacks
What is a Clear Liquid Diet?
Food liquids at room temperature and clear or able to see through; non-irritating; non-gas forming; leave a small amount of residue
What is a Full Liquid Diet?
Food liquids at room temperature
A patient needs a GI exam done, what type of diet should they follow to prepare for the examination?
Clear liquid
Patients who may have an acute illness, infection, nausea, and vomiting would benefit from what type of diet?
Clear liquid
A patient just had abdominal surgery, what diet may be prescribed?
Clear liquid
What is the “Use” of a clear liquid diet?
After surgery; for acute illness, infection, nausea, and vomiting; and to prepare for GI exam
A patient is progressing well on a clear liquid diet, the patient can now advance to what kind of diet?
Full liquid
T/F: A patient on a clear liquid diet can have water, tea, coffee, fruit juices without pulp, vegetable juices, and milk.
FALSE: Clear liquid diet does not include vegetable juice and milk
T/F: A clear liquid diet provides more flavor and nutrition compared to a full liquid diet.
FALSE: Full liquid diet has more carbohydrates, is more protein pact, and vitamins.
What liquids should you avoid on a clear liquid diet?
Liquids with red coloring
A patient is on a full liquid diet, they are allowed to consume: custards, eggnog, strained soups, strained fruit and vegetable juices and what else?
Milk and milk-shakes; cooked cereals; plain ice cream and sherbet; plain pudding; yogurt
A patient is on a full liquid diet, they are allowed to consume milk and milk-shakes; cooked cereals; plain ice cream and sherbet; plain pudding; yogurt, and what else?
Custards, eggnog, strained soups, strained fruit and vegetable juices
A patient is on a full-liquid diet, what foods are allowed?
Foods on the clear-liquid diet; custard; eggnog; strained soups; strained fruit and vegetable juices; milk and milk-shakes; cooked cereals; plain ice cream and sherbet; plain pudding; yogurt
A patient is unable to chew, swallow, or digest solid foods, what diet would be best?
Clear liquid and full liquid diet
What is the Use of a Full liquid Diet?
Advance from clear-liquid diet after surgery; for stomach irritation, fever, nausea, and vomiting; for persons unable to chew, swallow, or digest solid foods
A patient has stomach irritation, fever, nausea, and vomiting, and they are unable to chew or swallow solid foods, what diet are they on?
Clear liquid diet and full liquid diet
What is a Mechanical soft diet?
Semi-solid foods that are easily digested
What is the Use of a mechanical soft diet?
Advance from full-liquid diet; chewing problems, GI disorders, and infections
What is a fiber- and residue-restricted diet?
Foods that leave a small amount of residue in the colon
A patient has a disease in their colon and has diarrhea, what diet are they on?
Fiber and residue restricted diet
A patient is on a Fiber and Residue restricted diet, the foods allowed are: Coffee, tea, milk, carbonated drinks, strained fruit and vegetable juices; refined bread and crackers; creamed and refined cereal. What other foods are allowed?
Rice; cottage and cream cheese; eggs (not fried); plain puddings and cakes; gelatin; custard; sherbet and ice cream; canned or cooked fruit without skin or seeds; potatoes (not fried); strained cooked vegetables; plain pasta
A patient is on a Fiber and Residue restricted diet, the foods allowed are: Rice; cottage and cream cheese; eggs (not fried); plain puddings and cakes; gelatin; custard; sherbet and ice cream; canned or cooked fruit without skin or seeds; potatoes (not fried); strained cooked vegetables; plain pasta; no raw fruits or vegetables. What other foods are allowed?
Coffee, tea, milk, carbonated drinks, strained fruit and vegetable juices; refined bread and crackers; creamed and refined cereal
What is restricted in a Fiber and Residue diet?
No raw fruits or vegetables, fried foods, fruits with skin and seeds
What diet can a patient use when advancing from full-liquid diet; chewing problems, GI disorders, and infections?
Mechanical Soft diet
What foods are allowed in a Mechanical Soft diet?
All liquids; eggs (not fried); broiled, baked, or roasted meat, fish, or poultry that is chopped or shredded; mild cheeses (American, swiss, cheddar, cream, cottage); strained fruit juices; refined bread (no crust) and crackers; cooked cereal; cooked or pureed vegetables; cooked or canned fruit without skin or seeds; plain pudding; plain cakes and soft cookies without fruit or nuts
A patient is on a Mechanical Soft diet, foods allowed are cooked or pureed vegetables; cooked or canned fruit without skin or seeds; plain pudding; plain cakes and soft cookies without fruit or nuts. What other foods are allowed?
All liquids; eggs (not fried); broiled, baked, or roasted meat, fish, or poultry that is chopped or shredded; mild cheeses (American, swiss, cheddar, cream, cottage); strained fruit juices; refined bread (no crust) and crackers; cooked cereal
A patient is on a Mechanical Soft diet, foods allowed are all liquids; eggs (not fried); broiled, baked, or roasted meat, fish, or poultry that is chopped or shredded; mild cheeses (American, swiss, cheddar, cream, cottage); strained fruit juices; refined bread (no crust) and crackers; cooked cereal. What other foods are allowed?
Cooked or pureed vegetables; cooked or canned fruit without skin or seeds; plain pudding; plain cakes and soft cookies without fruit or nuts
What is High Fiber Diet?
Foods that increase residue and fiber in the colon to stimulate peristalsis.
What is the use of a High Fiber diet?
Constipation and GI disorder
What is a Bland Diet?
Foods that are non-irritating and low in roughage; food served at moderate temperatures; no strong spices or condiments
After abdominal surgery, a patient is on what kind of diet?
Bland food diet
A patient who has ulcers, gallbladder disorders, and some intestinal disorders is on what kind of diet?
Bland food diet
What is the “Use” for Bland food diets?
Ulcers, gallbladder disorders, and some intestinal disorders; after abdominal surgery
What is a High-calorie diet?
3000 to 4000 calories daily; includes 3 full meals and between-meal snacks
What is the “Use” of a high-calorie diet?
Patients who need to gain weight and who may have some thyroid problems
A patient with a high BMR has overreactive thyroid glands, what diet is the patient most likely on?
High-calorie diet
What is a Calorie-controlled diet?
Adequate nutrients while controlling calories to promote weight loss and reduce body fat
If a patient is trying to lose weight, what diet are they on?
Calorie-controlled diet
What is the Use of a controlled-calorie diet?
Weight loss
What is the “Use” of a high-iron diet?
People who have anemia; loss of blood; for women during the reproductive years
A patient with anemia is on what kind of diet?
High-iron
Women during their reproductive years can benefit from what diet?
High-iron
A patient has lost a lot of blood after surgery, what diet are they on?
High-iron
What is a Fat-controlled diet?
Foods low in fat and prepared without adding fat
What diet is low in cholesterol?
Fat-controlled
What is the “Use” of a fat-controlled diet?
Heart, gallbladder, and liver diseases; disorders of fat digestion; diseases of the pancreas
What is a High-protein diet?
Acids and promotes tissue healing
The “Use” of this diet aids with burns, high fever, infection, and some liver diseases, what diet is this?
High-protein
People with some liver diseases may “Use” what kind of diets?
Sodium-controlled, high-protein, fat-controlled
What is a Sodium-controlled diet?
A certain amount of sodium is allowed
The “Use” of this diet is for patients who have heart diseases, fluid retention, liver diseases, and some kidney diseases, what diet is this?
Sodium-controlled
Patients with heart diseases can benefit from what kind of diets?
Sodium-controlled & Fat-controlled
If a patient has fluid retention, what diet are they on?
Sodium-controlled
If a patient has Celiac disease, what is their diet?
Gluten-free
Lia does not have enough lactase enzymes to break down lactose, what diet is she on?
Lactose-free
What is a Lactose-free diet?
Foods without lactose: a sugar in milk and milk products
Foods and fluids are balanced with physical activity and drugs to manage blood glucose levels, what diet is this?
Diabetes meal plan
What is a Diabetes meal plan?
Food & fluids are balanced with physical activity and drugs to manage blood glucose levels
A patient with diabetes should limit what foods?
fried foods, foods high in fat & sodium, and foods with added sugars.
What substitute is allowed in a Diabetes meal plan?
sugar substitutes
What gluten-free grains and starches can people with celiac disease have?
Arrowroot, corn, cornmeal, hominy, flax, millet, rice, soy, and tapioca
What gluten-free flours can people with celiac disease have?
rice, soy, corn, potato, and bean
In a Gluten-free diet, no foods should contain…?
Containing wheat, barley, triticale, or rye
What foods are allowed in a high-protein diet?
Meat, milk, eggs, cheese, fish, poultry; breads and cereal; green leafy vegetables
What dairy foods are allowed in a fat-controlled diet?
Skim milk or buttermilk & cottage cheese
Skim milk or buttermilk & cottage cheese are allowed in a** fat-controlled diet**, what other foods are allowed?
Gelatin; sherbet; fruit; lean meat, poultry, fish baked, broiled, or roasted. fat-free broth; soups with skim milk; margarine; rice, pasta, breads, and cereals; vegetables; potatoes
What high-protein foods are allowed in a High-iron diet?
- Liver and other organ meats
- lean meats
- egg yolks
- shellfish
- dried beans, lima beans
- peanut butter
What protein is allowed in a fat-controlled diet?
- Lean meat
- poultry
- fish: baked, broiled, or roasted
Liver and other organ meats; lean meats; egg yolks; shellfish; dried beans, lima beans, and peanut butter are in a high-iron diet, what else is allowed?
- dried fruits
- green leafy vegetables
- enriched breads and cereals
In a calorie-controlled diet what foods should be avoided?
- Butter & Cream
- Rice, noodles
- Gravies, salad oils
- Cakes, pastries, candy, potato chips
- Carbonated & alcoholic drinks
A patient is consuming foods low in fats and carbohydrates and lean meats, what diet are they on?
Calorie-controlled
A patient has large portions of a regular diet with 3 between meal snacks, what diet are they on?
High-calorie
What dairy sources can a patient on a Bland diet have?
- Cream or cottage cheese
- Butter and cream
What protein sources can a patient on a Bland diet have?
- Lean Meats
- Eggs (Not Fried)
What grain sources can be consumed in a Bland diet?
- White bread
- Pastas & rice
What vegetable sources can be consumed in a Bland diet?
- Canned fruits
- Vegetables without skin & seeds
- Strained fruit juices
- Potatoes (not fried)
- Strained or soft cooked carrots, peas, beets, spinach, squash
- Asparagus tips
- creamed soups from allowed vegetables
What snacks are allowed in a Bland diet?
- Gelatin
- Plain puddings
- cakes
- cookies
What grain sources are allowed in a high-fiber diet?
- Whole-wheat bread
- whole-grain cereals
- whole-grain rice
What nutrient is the main source of energy and provides the most fiber?
Carbohydrates
What food group(s) is always promoted in a High-fiber diet?
All fruits & vegetables
What food groups are allowed in a **High-fiber diet **but are not high in fiber?
Dairy & meat
What protein sources are included in a High-fiber diet?
Beans & nuts
What foods are allowed in a High-fiber diet?
- All fruits & vegetables
- Dairy & meat (not high-fiber)
- Whole-wheat bread
- Whole-grain cereals
- Whole grain rice
- Beans and nuts
There are three main carbohydrates, one being starches, what are the other two?
- Dietary fiber
- Sugars
What is the most important nutrient? What is it needed for?
- Protein
- Tissue growth & repair
Sugar is broken down by our body into ____ and it is our main source of ______
- Glucose
- Energy
What is not digested but provides the bulky part of chyme for elimination?
Fiber
Uneeded dietary fat is stored as?
Body fat (adipose tissue)
What is the function of fats?
- Provides energy
- Regulates our body temperature
What is the function of vitamins?
Needed for specific body functions
What vitamins are not stored in our body?
C and B complex
What vitamins does our body store?
A, D, E, K
What is the function of minerals?
- Body Processes
- Bone & tooth formation
- Nerve and muscle function
- Fluid Balance
What nutrient is needed for all body processes?
Water
What are the 5 food groups?
- Grains
- Vegetables
- Fruits
- Protein
- Dairy
What nutrients provide fuel for energy?
- Fats
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
Doctors may order special diets for what 3 reasons?
- Nutritional deficiency or a disease
- Weight gain or loss
- To remove or decrease certain substances in the diet
High-protein diets are needed to?
Heal wounds and pressure injuries
Adding “bran” to the diet provides?
Fiber for bowel elimination
According to the AHA, the average amount of sodium in our daily diet is greater than ________ mg
3400
If we are reducing our sodium intake, what else are we reducing?
- High BP
- Heart Disease
- Strokes
AHA recommends limiting sodium intake to no more than _____ mg
2300 mg
What would be a “better goal” the AHA recommends when consuming sodium?
1500 mg
What Grains are High-Sodium?
- Baked goods
- Breads & rolls
- Cereals–cold, instant hot
- Noodles mixes
- Pancakes
- Salted snack foods
- Stuffing Mixes
- Waffles
Sodium-controlled diets involve:
- Omitting high-sodium foods
- Not adding salt to food at the table
- Limiting the amount of salt used in cooking
- DIet planning
What dairy group is High-sodium?
- Buttermilk
- Cheese
- Commercial dips made W/Sourcream
For a healthy meal plan, it often involves?
- Food preferences (likes, eating habits, meal times, culture, life-style)
- Portion Control
- Carbohydrates counting
- Eating meals and snacks at a regular time (regulate & maintain blood glucose levels)
Between meal snacks are?
- Crackers
- milk
- juice
- milk-shake
- cake
- wafers
- sandwich
- gelatin
- custard
How is percentage of food eaten measured?
- Ranges from 0 to 100 (%)
- Percentage of whole meal tray
- Percent of each food item eaten
How is food intake measured?
- Percentage of food eaten
- Calorie Count
A patient was served 8 apple slices; 2 remain on the plate. What percentage of apple slices were eaten?
75%
A patient was served 15 apple slices; 5 remain on the plate. What percentage of apple slices were eaten
67%
A resident eats one-third of the food on the meal tray. Food intake for this meal is?
33%
A resident eats one-fourth of the food on the meal tray. Food intake for this meal is?
25%
A resident eats one-half of the food on the meal tray. Food intake for this meal is?
50%
A resident eats three-fourths of the food on the meal tray. Food intake for this meal is?
75%
