Chapter 29 Flashcards
What is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Hormone that induces the growth of Graafian follicles
What is monoamniotic?
One amnion
What is biometry?
Measurement done on an embryo or fetus such as CRL or BPD
What is nonimmune hydrops?
Edema, accumulation of fluid in tissues and in the peritoneal cavity, and chest, in a fetus not affected by erythroblastosis fetalis
What is hypervolemic?
Increase in circulating blood volume
What is monozygotic?
One zygote
What is amnionicity?
Determination of number of the fetal membranes called the amnion
What is thermocoagulation?
Use of heat to seal tissue
What is gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)?
Mixing of the ovum and the sperm within the Fallopian tubes allowing for fertilization within the woman’s body
What is in vitro fertilization?
Fertilization of the ovum outside of the uterus
What does anembryonic mean?
Lack of an embryo
What is a quadruplet?
Four
What is chorionicity?
Determination of the number of membranes adjacent to the uterus
What is oligohydramnios?
Low amniotic fluid levels
What is dizygotic?
Two zygote as a result of the fertilization of two ova or the splitting of one ovum into two
What is a hysterotomy?
Surgical incision into the uterus, i.e., cesarian section
What is a zygote?
Fertilized ovum with 23 pairs of chromosomes
What is mortality?
Death rate due to a specific disease
What is polyhydramnios?
Too much fluid
What is intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)?
Injection of a sperm into the oocyte
What is a large fetus that falls in the 90th percentile for weight?
Macrosomic
What is plethoric?
Abundant
What is morbidity?
Incidence of a disease
In the United States, who produces the multiples at the highest rate?
African americans
Spontaneously occurring monozygotic twinning is noted to be influenced by:
Genetics
A large for dates uterus may be a result of?
Macrosomic fetus, uterine fibroids, and multiple gestation pregnancy
Decreased Maternal Serum α-fetoprotein (MSAFP) levels can be the result of:
Uterine fibroids during pregnancy
What is a risk factor of a multiple pregnancy?
IUGR, TTTs, and low birth weight
A monozygotic pregnancy with two placentas and two amnions is labeled:
DC/DA
A pregnancy consisting of two amnions, one chorion, and one placenta is:
MC/DA
Preeclampsia, hypertension, placental abruption, placenta previa, and postpartum hemorrhage are:
Maternal complications of a multiple gestation pregnancy
The risk of an adverse outcome or abnormality with multiples is greatest with:
monochorionic/monoamniotic twins
Sonographic determination of chorionicity and amnionicity is most accurate in:
The first trimester
11.To determine chorionicity, search for:
The T-sign, the λ-sign, a separating membrane at least 1.5mm thick
An intertwin biometric discrepancy of more than 20% suggests:
Likelihood of a single fetal loss
Growth restriction in discordant twins is assessed by evaluating:
UA with Doppler, MCA with Doppler, and biometry
The rate of spontaneous demise of singleton and single twin demise is approximately:
21%
The most common maternal age–related risk for twinning involves:
A higher rate of cesarian section
A primary fetal risk factor for mortality and long-term morbidity with multiple gestations is:
Low birth weight
An abnormality revealing a normal twin combined with a poorly defined twin possessing an irregular or no cardiac structure is:
TRAP sequence
TRAP Sequence is commonly referred to as:
Acardiac twinning
A twin pregnancy with a severe imbalance of amniotic fluid between the two gestational sacs is caused by:
TTTS
Conjoined twins connecting at the thorax are classified as:
thoracopagus
The _________ sign refers to the presence of a triangular projection of placental tissue extending into the base of the junction of two chorionic membranes.
Twin peak sign
What type of twins have two of each: chorions, amnions, yolk sacs, and embryos?
Dizygotic twins
