Chapter 19 and 20 Flashcards
What is a bilobed placenta?
extra placenta lobe smaller than the placenta
What are uterine contractions that do not lead to labor?
Braxton hicks
What are cotyledons?
A lobule or subdivision of the maternal placenta containing fetal vessels, chorionic villi, and the intervillous space.
What is the functional layer of the endometrium in the gravid woman?
Deciduas
What is the area between the myometrium and the placenta called?
Retroplacental
What is the valsalva maneuver?
Inhalation and suspension of breath coupled with abdominal muscle contraction to increase abdominal pressure
What is the vernix caseosum?
White, cheese-like coating of fetal skin
What is the mucous tissue surround the umbilical cord?
Wharton’s jelly
Vascular resistance changes in the umbilical cord can be caused by:
Umbilical cord compression, placental tumor and maternal diabetes
The umbilical cord originates from fusion of the yolk sac stalk and the omphalomesenteric duct at approximately:
7 weeks gestation
The umbilical cord consists of:
two arteries, a vein, and Wharton’s jelly
Placental calcification may be caused by
maternal smoking, parity and season of the year
Umbilical arteries carry _________ blood from the fetus to the placenta. The umbilical vein returns _________ back from the placenta.
deoxygenated, oxygenated
A low-lying placenta or placenta previa may mimic a uterine _________ or _________.
contraction or fibroid
What is marginal insertion?
When the umbilical cord inserts at the placental margin instead of centrally.
What is another name for marginal insertion?
battledore placenta
What method assess the degree of umbilical cord coiling?
Umbilical coiling index
Placental hydrops produces a :
Thick placenta with “ground glass” appearance
A jelly-like placenta is associated with:
IUGR
A succenturiate placenta:
most often has velamentous umbilical cord insertion
What are risk factors for placenta previa?
Previous c-section, multiple gestations, and previous elective abortions
A placenta is considered low lying if the inferior margin is:
Within 2 cm of the internal os
The most infiltrative form of placenta accreta is:
Percreta
Attachment problems of the placenta are known as:
Morbidly adherent placenta, placental attachment disorder, and abnormally invasive placenta
Placental infarction is caused by?
Obstructed spiral arteries
A benign vascular malformation of the placenta is:
Chorioangioma
Premature separation of all or part of the placenta from the myometrium is:
Abruption
Amniotic band syndrome is a condition that:
Is a result of rupture of the amnion without rupture of the chorion
A condition of pregnancy where the trophoblastic cells produce excessive amounts of β-human chorionic gonadotropin is:
Molar pregnancy
SUA is associated with:
Cardiovascular malformations, central nervous system defects, and musculoskeletal abnormalities
PRUV, a common vascular variant, describes:
Open right portal vein
TTTS is caused by:
monochorionic twin pregnancies sharing a placenta with anastomoses between the umbilical vessels
Prenatal management of known umbilical pseudo and true cysts:
Involves serial ultrasound examinations
Cord prolapse is defined as:
presentation of the umbilical cord in advance of the fetal presenting part during labor and delivery
Subamniotic cysts or subamniotic hematomas result from rupture of _________ close to the umbilical cord insertion into the placenta
Chorionic vessels
