Chapter 23

Question 1

What condition causes both great arteries to arise from the right ventricle with a VSD and pulmonary stenosis?

Answer 1

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV)

Question 2

What is the most common benign tumor found in the ventricle?

Answer 2

Rhabdomyoma

Question 3

What is akinetic?

Answer 3

without motion

Question 4

What is it called when the apex of the heart points to the right?

Answer 4

Dextrocardia

Question 5

What is right ventricular hypoplasia?

Answer 5

Underdevelopment of right ventricle and hypoplasia of the tricuspid valve

Question 6

What defect allows oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to pass into the right ventricle?

Answer 6

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Question 7

What is the ductus venosus?

Answer 7

Connection between the umbilical vein and the inferior vena cava

Question 8

What are premature atrial contractions (PACs)

Answer 8

An irregular extra contraction of the atria out of sync with the ventricles

Question 9

What is another name for abnormal heart rate?

Answer 9

arrhythmia

Question 10

What is truncus arteriosus?

Answer 10

Defect leaving single artery spanning the ventricles

Question 11

What is dyskinetic?

Answer 11

impaired movement

Question 12

What defect leaves an abnormal opening between the right and left atria?

Answer 12

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Question 13

What is tricuspid atresia?

Answer 13

Congenital absence of the tricuspid valve

Question 14

What is the first section of the interatrial septum to form in the embryo?

Answer 14

Septum primum

Question 15

What anomaly causes displacement of the tricuspid valve toward the apex of the heart?

Answer 15

Ebstein’s anomaly

Question 16

What are papillary muscles?

Answer 16

Muscular projections into the ventricles that anchor the chordae tendinae of the AV valves

Question 17

What is another name for narrowing of the aorta?

Answer 17

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 18

What anomaly causes a congenital heart malformation where the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle?

Answer 18

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)

Question 19

What are hydrops,nonimmune?

Answer 19

Accumulation of fluid in the chest and abdomen due to heart failure

Question 20

What is bradyarrhythmia?

Answer 20

Slow heart rate

Question 21

What is the opening between the atria allowing for blood flow from the right to the left during fetal life?

Answer 21

Foramen ovale

Question 22

The embryonic heart is completely formed by the beginning of what week?

Answer 22

8th week

Question 23

Fetal blood circulates within the embryo at:

Answer 23

3 weeks’ postconception

Question 24

Fetal oxygenated blood circulation from the placenta enters the fetus through the:

Answer 24

umbilical vein to the hepatic circulation and left portal vein

Question 25

Fetal blood from the IVC enters the heart:

Answer 25

Right atrium

Question 26

In the fetus, left atrial blood passes through the _________ into the left ventricle.

Answer 26

d.mitral valve

Question 27

The greatest concentration of oxygenated fetal blood is to the fetal:

Answer 27

Cranium

Question 28

A normal heart orientation is:

Answer 28

Levocardia

Question 29

In the normal fetal heart, which chamber is located closest to the fetal spine?

Answer 29

Left atrium

Question 30

What is a normal fetal heart rate during the 2nd and 3rd trimester?

Answer 30

110-130 bpm

Question 31

A syndrome that includes aortic atresia, a small left ventricle, and mitral valve atresia is:

Answer 31

HLHS

Question 32

An abnormally large right atrium and abnormally small right ventricle is an indication of:

Answer 32

Ebstein’s anomaly

Question 33

What anomaly describes a single vessel overriding a VSD and regurgitant flow?

Answer 33

truncus arteriosus

Question 34

DORV involves:

Answer 34

parallel aorta and pulmonary artery and VSD

Question 35

Ostium primum and ostium secundum defects involve the:

Answer 35

Atrial septum

Question 36

The pulmonary valve receives blood from the:

Answer 36

Right ventricle

Question 37

Blood begins to circulate in the embryo at _________ weeks’ postconception, which is _________ weeks’ gestational age.

Answer 37

3, 5

Question 38

A right-sided heart with the apex pointing left is called _________.

Answer 38

Dextroposition

Question 39

A heart positioned in the right chest with the apex pointing right is labeled _________.

Answer 39

Dextrocardia

Question 40

A midline heart is termed _________.

Answer 40

Mesocardia