Chapter 23 Flashcards
What condition causes both great arteries to arise from the right ventricle with a VSD and pulmonary stenosis?
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV)
What is the most common benign tumor found in the ventricle?
Rhabdomyoma
What is akinetic?
without motion
What is it called when the apex of the heart points to the right?
Dextrocardia
What is right ventricular hypoplasia?
Underdevelopment of right ventricle and hypoplasia of the tricuspid valve
What defect allows oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to pass into the right ventricle?
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
What is the ductus venosus?
Connection between the umbilical vein and the inferior vena cava
What are premature atrial contractions (PACs)
An irregular extra contraction of the atria out of sync with the ventricles
What is another name for abnormal heart rate?
arrhythmia
What is truncus arteriosus?
Defect leaving single artery spanning the ventricles
What is dyskinetic?
impaired movement
What defect leaves an abnormal opening between the right and left atria?
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
What is tricuspid atresia?
Congenital absence of the tricuspid valve
What is the first section of the interatrial septum to form in the embryo?
Septum primum
What anomaly causes displacement of the tricuspid valve toward the apex of the heart?
Ebstein’s anomaly
What are papillary muscles?
Muscular projections into the ventricles that anchor the chordae tendinae of the AV valves
What is another name for narrowing of the aorta?
Coarctation of the aorta
What anomaly causes a congenital heart malformation where the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle?
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)
What are hydrops,nonimmune?
Accumulation of fluid in the chest and abdomen due to heart failure
What is bradyarrhythmia?
Slow heart rate
What is the opening between the atria allowing for blood flow from the right to the left during fetal life?
Foramen ovale
The embryonic heart is completely formed by the beginning of what week?
8th week
Fetal blood circulates within the embryo at:
3 weeks’ postconception
Fetal oxygenated blood circulation from the placenta enters the fetus through the:
umbilical vein to the hepatic circulation and left portal vein
Fetal blood from the IVC enters the heart:
Right atrium
In the fetus, left atrial blood passes through the _________ into the left ventricle.
d.mitral valve
The greatest concentration of oxygenated fetal blood is to the fetal:
Cranium
A normal heart orientation is:
Levocardia
In the normal fetal heart, which chamber is located closest to the fetal spine?
Left atrium
What is a normal fetal heart rate during the 2nd and 3rd trimester?
110-130 bpm
A syndrome that includes aortic atresia, a small left ventricle, and mitral valve atresia is:
HLHS
An abnormally large right atrium and abnormally small right ventricle is an indication of:
Ebstein’s anomaly
What anomaly describes a single vessel overriding a VSD and regurgitant flow?
truncus arteriosus
DORV involves:
parallel aorta and pulmonary artery and VSD
Ostium primum and ostium secundum defects involve the:
Atrial septum
The pulmonary valve receives blood from the:
Right ventricle
Blood begins to circulate in the embryo at _________ weeks’ postconception, which is _________ weeks’ gestational age.
3, 5
A right-sided heart with the apex pointing left is called _________.
Dextroposition
A heart positioned in the right chest with the apex pointing right is labeled _________.
Dextrocardia
A midline heart is termed _________.
Mesocardia
