Chapter 28 Respiratory System

Question 1

1. Which of the following is the mechanism that stimulates the release of surfactant?
   a. Fluid accumulation in the alveoli
   b. Alveolar collapse from atelectasis
   c. Alveolar stretch from deep breathing
   d. Air movement through the alveolar pores of Kohn

Answer 1

C

Question 2

2. Which of the following causes air to enter the thoracic cavity during inspiration?
   a. Contraction of the accessory abdominal muscles
   b. Increased carbon dioxide and decreased oxygen in the blood
   c. Stimulation of the respiratory muscles by the chemoreceptors
   d. Decreased intrathoracic pressure relative to pressure at the airway

Answer 2

D

Question 3

3. Which of the following measures the lungs’ ability to adequately oxygenate the arterial blood?
   a. Arterial oxygen tension
   b. Carboxyhemoglobin level
   c. Arterial carbon dioxide tension
   d. Venous carbon dioxide tension

Answer 3

A

Question 4

4. Which of the following is the most important respiratory defense mechanism distal to the respiratory bronchioles?
   a. Alveolar macrophage
   b. Impaction of particles
   c. Reflex bronchoconstriction
   d. Mucociliary clearance mechanism

Answer 4

A

Question 5

5. Which of the following is caused by a rightward shift of the oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve?
   a. Metabolic alkalosis
   b. Postoperative hypothermia
   c. Release of oxygen at the tissue level
   d. Greater affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin

Answer 5

C

Question 6

6. Which of the following are very early signs or symptoms of inadequate oxygenation?
   a. Dyspnea and hypotension
   b. Apprehension and restlessness
   c. Cyanosis and cool, clammy skin
   d. Increased urine output and diaphoresis

Answer 6

B

Question 7

7. During the respiratory assessment of an older adult, the nurse would expect to find which of the following? (Select all that apply)
   a. A vigorous cough
   b. Increased chest expansion
   c. Increased residual volume
   d. Increased breath sounds in the lung apices
   e. Increased anteroposterior (AP) chest diameter

Answer 7

C E

Question 8

8. Which of the following should the nurse inquire about when assessing activity and exercise related to respiratory health?
   a. Dyspnea during rest or exercise
   b. Recent weight loss or weight gain
   c. Willingness to wear oxygen equipment in public
   d. Ability to sleep through the entire night

Answer 8

A

Question 9

9. Which of the following is the best tool to assess for the vibration of tactile fremitus?
   a. Palms
   b. Fingertips
   c. Stethoscope
   d. Index fingers

Answer 9

A

Question 10

10. Which of the following is an abnormal finding in the assessment of the respiratory system?
    a. Presence of fremitus
    b. Inspiratory chest expansion of 2.5 cm
    c. Percussion resonance over the lung bases
    d. Symmetrical chest expansion and contraction

Answer 10

A

Question 11

11. Which of the following is performed to remove pleural fluid for analysis?
    a. Thoracentesis
    b. Bronchoscopy
    c. Pulmonary angiography
    d. Sputum culture and sensitivity

Answer 11

A