Chapter 18 Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
- Which of the following is consistent with trends in the incidence and death rates of cancer?
a. Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in men.
b. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women.
c. A higher percentage of women than men have lung cancer.
d. The incidence of cancer increases as the population ages.
A
D
2
Q
- What features of cancer cells distinguish them from normal cells? (Select
all that apply.)
a. Cells lack contact inhibition.
b. Cells return to a previous undifferentiated state.
c. Oncogenes maintain normal cell expression.
d. Proliferation occurs when there is a need for more cells.
e. New proteins characteristic of embryonic stage emerge on cell
membrane.
A
A B E
3
Q
- Which is a characteristic feature of the stage of progression in the
development of cancer?
a. Oncogenic viral transformation of target cells
b. A reversible steady growth facilitated by carcinogens
c. A period of latency before clinical detection of cancer
d. The proliferation of cancer cells in spite of host control mechanisms
A
D
4
Q
- What is the primary protective role of the immune system in relation to malignant cells?
a. Surveillance for cells with tumour-associated antigens
b. The binding with free antigen released by malignant cells
c. The production of blocking factors that immobilize cancer cells
d. The response to a new set of antigenic determinants on cancer cells
A
A
5
Q
- What is the primary difference between benign and malignant neoplasms?
a. The rate of cell proliferation
b. The site of malignant tumour
c. The requirements for cellular nutrients
d. The characteristic of tissue invasiveness
A
D
6
Q
- Which nursing roles are important for the prevention and detection of cancer?
a. Health promotion in relation to eating low-fibre, refined carbohydrate diets
b. Teaching about cancer risk factors
c. Encouraging the public to participate in regular screening tests for all detectable cancer sites
d. Using people’s natural fear of cancer to motivate changes in unhealthy lifestyles
A
B
7
Q
- Which principle underpins a therapeutic approach to cancer?
a. Surgery is the single most effective treatment for cancer.
b. Initial treatment is always directed toward cure of the cancer.
c. A combination of treatment modalities is effective for controlling many cancers.
d. None of the above.
A
C
8
Q
- Which points would be part of nursing teaching for a client undergoing brachytherapy of the cervix?
a. The client will learn that she must undergo simulation to locate the treatment area.
b. The client will be taught about the treatment and need for staff time limitations in relation to her care.
c. The client will be taught that she may experience desquamation of the skin on the abdomen and upper legs.
d. The client will require shielding of the ovaries during treatment to prevent ovarian damage.
A
B
9
Q
- Which is the most effective method of administering a
chemotherapeutic agent that is a vesicant?
a. Giving it orally.
b. Giving it intra-arterially.
c. Using an Ommaya reservoir.
d. Using a central venous access device.
A
D
10
Q
- Why does stomatitis, a common adverse effect of chemotherapeutic
agents, occur?
a. The site of the malignancy is near the oral cavity.
b. The general health of the client with cancer is poor.
c. Chemotherapeutic drugs have a local and irritating effect on epithelial cells.
d. Rapidly dividing cells of the mucous membranes of the mouth are being destroyed.
A
D
11
Q
- In teaching the client about IL-2, which information will the nurse include?
a. It stimulates the immune system.
b. It inhibits DNA and protein synthesis in tumour cells.
c. It decreases the antigenic expression of antigens on tumour cell surfaces.
d. It prevents bone marrow suppression associated with chemotherapy.
A
A
12
Q
- Which information will the nurse provide to a client receiving radiation therapy or chemotherapy?
a. Effective birth control methods should be used for the rest of the client’s life.
b. Notify the health care team if nausea and vomiting are experienced during treatment so that these can be managed.
c. After successful treatment, the client returns to previous functional level.
d. The cycle of fatigue-depression-fatigue that may occur during treatment can be reduced by restricting activity.
A
B
13
Q
- Which is an inappropriate nursing intervention to promote nutrition in the client with cancer?
a. Providing bland, pureed food because the person’s taste sensation is altered
b. Providing increased protein for normal cell recovery and immune system function
c. Encouraging the client to eat a high-calorie, high-protein snack every few hours to prevent weight loss
d. Alerting the physician that nutritional supplements may be needed when the client has a 4-kg weight loss
A
A
14
Q
- What is the primary cause of syndrome of SIADH in cancer?
a. Autoimmune reaction
b. Gram-negative septicemia
c. Invasiveness of cancer cells
d. Ectopic hormonal production
A
D
15
Q
- A client has recently received a diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer. Which of the following is most appropriate for the nurse to focus on?
a. Maintaining the client’s hope
b. Preparing a will and advance directives
c. Discussing replacement child care for client’s children
d. Discussing the client’s past experiences with her grandmother’s cancer
A
A
