Chapter 28: Neurodegenerative Disorders Flashcards
Disease characterized by slow-onset memory loss, impaired cognition, language difficulty, dementia, neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles
Alzheimer’s disease
In Alzheimer’s disease, Neuritic plaques are compromised of 1___ which is derived from beta-cleavage of 2 ___ and neurofibrillary tangles are comprised of aggregates of 3____
- A-Beta amyloid
- amyloid precursor protein (APP)
- hyperphosphorylated tau protein
Disease characterized by chorea, dystonia, lateral ventricular enlargement, and caudate nuclei atrophy
Huntington’s disease
<p>
In Huntington's disease, there is a trinucleotide repeat of 1\_\_\_ within the huntingtin gene and atrophy of the caudate occurs due to degeneration of 2\_\_\_\_\_ neurons.</p>
<p>
Bonus: What enzyme will also be deficient here?</p>
<p>
1. CAG 2. GABAergic</p>
<p>
Bonus: glutamic acid decarboxylase</p>
With regard to Alzheimer’s disease, 1___ allele of APOE is associated with increased risk while 2____ allele is associated with decreased risk
- e4
2. e2
Trinucleotide repeat syndrome characterized by lack of coordination of the upper and lower limbs and often presenting with lower-limb areflexia, sensory loss, and extensor plantar reflexes
Friedrich ataxia
Systemic abnormailities associated with Friedrich ataxia include
Scoliosis, diabetes mellitus, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Disease characterized by resting tremors, muscular, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, and shuffling gait
Parkinson’s disease
In Parkinson’s disease there is degenerative loss of 1____ neurons in the 2_____ of the basal ganglia. Within affected neurons are round eosinophilic inclusions of 3______ which are also known as 4____ bodies
- Dopaminergic
- substantia nigra pars compacta
- alpha-synuclein
- Lewy
Histopathological studies of a patient presenting with muscular weakness, fasciculations, and wasting who later dies, reveals loss of neurons and mild gliosis in the anterior/ventral horn of the spinal cord. What disease did this patient have?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Since the gene for amyloid precursor protein (APP) is found on chromosome 21, in a patient with Down syndrome and progressive loss of memory and cognition, neuropathologic studies of the cortex would reveal extracellular 1____ and intracellular, flame-shaped 2____
- neuritic plaques
2. neurofibrillary tangles