Chapter 28: Neurodegenerative Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Disease characterized by slow-onset memory loss, impaired cognition, language difficulty, dementia, neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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2
Q

In Alzheimer’s disease, Neuritic plaques are compromised of 1___ which is derived from beta-cleavage of 2 ___ and neurofibrillary tangles are comprised of aggregates of 3____

A
  1. A-Beta amyloid
  2. amyloid precursor protein (APP)
  3. hyperphosphorylated tau protein
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3
Q

Disease characterized by chorea, dystonia, lateral ventricular enlargement, and caudate nuclei atrophy

A

Huntington’s disease

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4
Q

<p>
In Huntington&#39;s disease, there is a trinucleotide repeat of 1\_\_\_ within the huntingtin gene and atrophy of the caudate occurs due to degeneration of 2\_\_\_\_\_ neurons.</p>

<p>
Bonus: What enzyme will also be deficient here?</p>

A

<p>
1. CAG 2. GABAergic</p>

<p>
Bonus: glutamic acid decarboxylase</p>

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5
Q

With regard to Alzheimer’s disease, 1___ allele of APOE is associated with increased risk while 2____ allele is associated with decreased risk

A
  1. e4

2. e2

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6
Q

Trinucleotide repeat syndrome characterized by lack of coordination of the upper and lower limbs and often presenting with lower-limb areflexia, sensory loss, and extensor plantar reflexes

A

Friedrich ataxia

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7
Q

Systemic abnormailities associated with Friedrich ataxia include

A

Scoliosis, diabetes mellitus, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

Disease characterized by resting tremors, muscular, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, and shuffling gait

A

Parkinson’s disease

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9
Q

In Parkinson’s disease there is degenerative loss of 1____ neurons in the 2_____ of the basal ganglia. Within affected neurons are round eosinophilic inclusions of 3______ which are also known as 4____ bodies

A
  1. Dopaminergic
  2. substantia nigra pars compacta
  3. alpha-synuclein
  4. Lewy
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10
Q

Histopathological studies of a patient presenting with muscular weakness, fasciculations, and wasting who later dies, reveals loss of neurons and mild gliosis in the anterior/ventral horn of the spinal cord. What disease did this patient have?

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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11
Q

Since the gene for amyloid precursor protein (APP) is found on chromosome 21, in a patient with Down syndrome and progressive loss of memory and cognition, neuropathologic studies of the cortex would reveal extracellular 1____ and intracellular, flame-shaped 2____

A
  1. neuritic plaques

2. neurofibrillary tangles

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