Chapter 28 Infections

Question 1

<p>
Impairment of the spinal dorsal column, loss of joint position sense &amp; fine touch, Wallerian degeneration, positive romberg sign &amp; associated with a colorful sexual history</p>

Answer 1

<p>

| Tabes Dorsalis</p>

Question 2

Slowly progressive ataxia, dementia, degeneration of neurons in grey matter & vacuolization. Presence of APrP amyloid

Answer 2

Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease; Spongiform Encephalopathy

Question 3

Difference between normal cellular PrP and scrapie PrP

a) Amino Acid sequence
b) Patterns of glycosylations
c) 3d conformations

Answer 3

Both b)patterns of glycosylation & c) 3d conformations

Question 4

This disease is characterized by:

Pervascular cuffing by lymphocytes, neuronophagia, microglial nodules, Negri bodies

Answer 4

Rabies Encephalitis

Question 5

Meningitis affects what anatomical region of the brain?

Answer 5

Leptomeninges

Question 6

<p>
A 25 year old male presents with 2 day history of heachache, vomiting &amp; fever. Physical exam revealed cervical rigidity &amp; knee pain with hip flexion Neutrophils, decreased glucose &amp; elevated protein in his CSF What is the most likely disease &amp; agent</p>

Answer 6

<p>

| Meningococcal Meningitis Nesseria meningitidis</p>

Question 7

Most likely agents causing suppurative meningitis in a neonate?

Answer 7

E. Coli

GBS

Question 8

Herpes simplex type 1 most often involves infection of what anatomical region in the brain?
Associated with what type of inclusion body?

Answer 8

Temporal

Cowdry Type A

Question 9

Perivascular cuffs of lymphocytes around arteries & arterioles are associated with infection by what type of agent?

Answer 9

Virus

Question 10

Presence of mild hydrocephaly, areas of calcification in periventricular ares & brain stem, Pink intranuclear inclusions in purkinje cells of a neonate who presented with convulsions. What is the most likely causative agent

Answer 10

CMV

Question 11

Lumbar puncture from an AIDS patient is cloudy. Microscopic exam of CSF mixed with india ink shows a clear halo around encapsulated microorganisms. Patient presented with fever, headache & persistant cough

Answer 11

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 12

Characterized by severe cognitive impairment, marked bradykinesis, mild cerebral atrophy, dilation of lateral ventricles, slight prominence of gyri & sulci, myelin pallor. Associated with AIDS patients

Answer 12

AIDS Encephalopathy

Question 13

Demyelinating disease (white matter) caused by a JC Virus. Infects oligodendrocytes which show enlarged nuclei & lack halo on microscopic exam & spherical virions are seen. Manifests as dementia, weakness, visual loss and ataxia. Often a terminal complication in immunosuppressed patients.

Answer 13

Progessive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Question 14

Chronic infection inciting a granulomatous rxn, multinucleated giant cells & lymphocytes surrounding areas of caseous necrosis. Predilection for the base of the brain.
Manifests w/ productive cough, fever, night sweats, severe headache, neck rigidity.
Sputum culture grows acid fast bacili

Answer 14

Tuberculosis Meningitis

Question 15

Chronic lethal viral infection of the brain caused by measles virus. Insidious onset & is characterized by cognitive & behavioral decline over months to years. Inflammation typically occurs in the gray matter. Is due to defective expression of the viral M (matrix) protein. Loss of myelin & reactive gliosis. Affected neurons may contain neurofibrillary tangles

Answer 15

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)