Chapter 28: Mental Health Conditions

Question 1

What % of children worldwide have mental health conditions?

Answer 1

13.4%

Question 2

___ in ____ children in the US have mental health conditions

Answer 2

1 in 5

Question 3

Is there a gender difference between boys and girls with diagnoses?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Intellectual disabilities characterization

Answer 4

Mild, moderate, severe and profound

Question 5

Mild intellectual disability

Answer 5

Social nuances, issues with multi-step motor activities

Question 6

Moderate intellectual disability

Answer 6

Elementary level academics, trouble with higher level abstract skills, social awareness is a bit off

Question 7

Severe intellectual disability

Answer 7

Limited language, ADL support

Question 8

Profound intellectual disability

Answer 8

Major impairments, social issues/nonverbal, sensory issues, physical issues

Question 9

ASD

Answer 9

Impairments in social communication and interactions, repetitive behaviors, interests or activities that result in impairment in occupational and social engagement.
- Flapping, rocking, toe walking

Question 10

Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Answer 10

5-15 % of the school-age population
Dyslexia (reading)
Dyscalculia (math)
Dysgraphia/Written expression disorder

Question 11

ADHD

Answer 11

Grouped under neurodevelopmental and mental health condition
May cause challenges in social settings
May occur with other psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, ODD, etc.
Can affect a child’s ability to participate in school, social interactions, and all other aspects of daily life

Question 12

3 main symptoms of ADHD

Answer 12

Decreased attention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
Affect behavior, mood, and thinking patterns

Question 13

What percent of population has ADHD?

Answer 13

8.8%

Question 14

Tic disorder- Tourette syndrome

Answer 14

Sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movements and vocalizations
Involuntary
Develop between 4-6, peak at 10-12
Typically seen with other issues

Question 15

Mood disorders

Answer 15

Depression
Bipolar
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Usually emerge after puberty hits

Question 16

Depression

Answer 16

Symptoms: little to no motivation to do things they enjoy, lack of socialization, sadness, fatigue, lack of sleeping or sleeping too much

Question 17

Bipolar disorder

Answer 17

Symptoms: depressive and manic episodes

Question 18

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Answer 18

Symptoms: reckless behavior, temper tantrums

Question 19

Anxiety disorders

Answer 19

Separation anxiety
Selective mutism
Specific phobia
Social anxiety
Panic attacks
Agoraphobia

Question 20

What is the most common mental health diagnosis among children?

Answer 20

Anxiety (20%)

Question 21

Are boys or girls 2-3 times more likely to have an anxiety disorder?

Answer 21

Girls

Question 22

What is the prevalence of sleep problems for children with anxiety disorders?

Answer 22

75-80%

Question 23

Separation anxiety

Answer 23

Excessive amount of distress and occurs in 3 different stages and reaches its peak around 14-18 months and hopefully will gradually get better with age
Help to put children at ease

Question 24

Selective mutism

Answer 24

Severe anxiety disorder, lose ability to speak due to anxiety and is an overwhelming condition
Starts between ages 2 and 4 and noticeable when having to interact with people outside of close family such as at school

Question 25

Specific phobia

Answer 25

Intense, irrational fear of something that does not pose a serious threat Excessive fear that affects functioning, socialization, leaving the house

Question 26

Social anxiety

Answer 26

Everyday interactions cause significant anxiety Fear of being in social situation and is the most common phobia Fear of being watched and judged by others Avoiding social situations out of fear of embarrassment Physical symptoms → fast heartbeat, sweating, nausea, dizziness

Question 27

Agoraphobia

Answer 27

Fearing and avoiding places that may cause panic and a feeling of being trapped

Question 28

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 28

Based on thought and behavior Obsessions (thinking) Compulsions (behavior)

Question 29

Obsessions (OCD)

Answer 29

Contamination → scared of germs Magical thinking → “if i touch everything a certain way I’ll be okay” Catastrophizing → worst case scenario about everything (unlikely to happen) Scrupulosity → worry about offending God if they don’t do something What ifs → “what if I do something bad and end up in prison?” (unlikely to happen)

Question 30

Compulsions (OCD)

Answer 30

Repetitive behaviors that the child feels driven to perform that are unwanted or debilitating “I have to turn off the lights 5 times before I feel okay” Washing hands over and over again Locking and unlocking doors Develops around 6-9 years old

Question 31

Conduct disorders

Answer 31

ODD → disobedient, hostile, defiant behavior May develop into a conduct disorder as they age Aggressive to others, aggressive to animals, property destruction Children grow up to have a lot more issues → unemployment, depression, anxiety

Question 32

Schizophrenia

Answer 32

Abnormalities of delusions, hallucination, disorganized thinking, abnormal motor behavior, diminished emotional expression or movement Diagnosis will not occur before 18 Genetic abnormalities of brain structure

Question 33

Delusion

Answer 33

Believing something that is not true

Question 34

Hallucination

Answer 34

Seeing/hearing something that is not actually there

Question 35

Trauma

Answer 35

PTSD, attachment disorder, adverse childhood experiences

Question 36

PTSD

Answer 36

Abuse, natural disaster, fire/car accident, death, children who have had medical issues/extensive medical problems (in and out of hospitals)

Question 37

Attachment disorder

Answer 37

Trouble attaching to someone to get their needs met Children raised in the foster care system (connection is not made) can affect them in the future

Question 38

Adverse childhood experiences

Answer 38

Changes brain development of children who have experienced trauma Social skills may not be typically developing Trauma effects emotional regulation, attention, sleep, emotional attachment, executive functioning *Be sure to understand a child’s background*

Question 39

Eating disorders

Answer 39

10% of population Paired with another psychiatric disorder Body image distortion, low self esteem ,poor emotional regulation and stress management

Question 40

Substance abuse

Answer 40

8% of adolescents meet the criteria (substance and gambling) Alcohol abuse → SCI, TBI, car accidents (behind the wheel) Affect home, school, work, all aspects of life

Question 41

Occupations to address with mental health

Answer 41

ADL IADL Education Social participation, play, leisure Sleep Work

Question 42

Can a child qualify for an IEP based on a mental health condition or ADHD?

Answer 42

Yes- of condition affects their ability to participate in school

Question 43

Caregiver strain and parent/family supports

Answer 43

Caregiver burden or strain Issues related to guilt, worry, depression and anger Financial stress

Question 44

Areas of evaluation

Answer 44

Self-efficacy/self-concept - How a child views themselves and their ability to perform Self-esteem Self-determination (internal motivation)

Question 45

Methods of evaluation

Answer 45

Interview Assessment tools- BRIEF, ITSEA, SP Observation

Question 46

Strength based intervention

Answer 46

Settings- community, school system, inpatient Executive functioning- SOCCSS (help children who have trouble problem solving), Superflex (social thinking), CO-OP, environmental modifications Emotional regulation- Breaks, breathing, sensory techniques, just right challenge, zones of regulation, mindfulness Behavioral- positive reinforcement, charts/mapping Skills training- peer modeling, group intervention