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Fiser's ABSITE Ryan SHORT > Chapter 28 – G.I. Hormones > Flashcards

Chapter 28 – G.I. Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Where is gastrin produced?

A

G sells in antrum

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2
Q

Secretion of gastrin is stimulated by what? Inhibited by what?

A

Stimulated by amino acids, vagal input, calcium, EtOH, antral distention, pH greater than 3

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3
Q

Target cells of gastrin? Response?

A

Parietal cells and chief cells; increased HCl, intrinsic factor, pepsinogen secretion

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4
Q

Mechanism of action of omeprazole?

A

Blocks H/K ATPase of parietal cell

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5
Q

Where is somatostatin produced?

A

D cells in antrum

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6
Q

Secretion of somatostatin is simulated by what?

A

By acid in duodenum

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7
Q

Target cells of somatostatin? Response?

A

Many - the great inhibitor; inhibits gastrin, HCl release, inhibits release of insulin, glucagon, secretin, GIP, motilin, neurotensin, enteroglucagon; decreases pancreatic and biliary output

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8
Q

What is octreotide? What is it used for?

A

Somatostatin analog, can be used to decrease pancreatic fistula output

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9
Q

Gastric inhibitory peptide is made where?

A

K cells in duodenum

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10
Q

Secretion of GIP stimulated by what?

A

Amino acids, glucose, long chain fatty acids, decreased pH

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11
Q

Target cells of GIP? Response?

A

Parietal cells of stomach and data cells the pancreas, decreased HCL secretion and pepsin, increase insulin release

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12
Q

CCK is produced where?

A

Produced by I cells of duodenum and jejunum

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13
Q

Secretion of CCK stimulated by what?

A

Secretion stimulated by amino acids, fatty acid chains

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14
Q

Response of CCK?

A

Gallbladder contraction, relaxation of sphincter Oddi, increased pancreatic enzyme secretion, some increase in intestinal motility

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15
Q

Secretin is produced where?

A

S cells of duodenum

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16
Q

Secretion of secretin is stimulated by what? Inhibited by what?

A

Stimulated by fat, bile, pH less than 4; inhibited by pH greater than four, gastrin

17
Q

Response to secretin?

A

Increased pancreatic HCO3-, increased bile flow, inhibit gastrin release (this is reversed in patients with gastrinoma), inhibit HCl release

18
Q

High pancreatic duct output shows what electrolyte response?

A

Increased HCO3-, decreased CL-

19
Q

Slow pancreatic duct output shows what electrolyte response?

A

Increased CL, decreased HCO3-; carbonic anhydrase in duct exchanges HCO3- for CL

20
Q

Where is vasoactive intestinal peptide produced?

A

Produced by cells in gut and pancreas

21
Q

Secretion of VIP stimulated by what?

A

Fat, acetylcholine

22
Q

Response to VIP?

A

Increased intestinal secretion and motility, inhibits gastrin release

23
Q

Insulin is produced where?

A

Beta cells of pancreas

24
Q

Secretion of insulin stimulated by what? Inhibited by what?

A

Stimulated by glucose, glucagon’s, CCK; inhibited by somatostatin, pancreatostatin

25
Response to insulin?
Cellular glucose uptake; promotes protein synthesis
26
Where is glucagon produced?
Alpha cells of pancreas, also from alpha cells stomach, intestines
27
Secretion of glucagon stimulated by what? Inhibited by what?
Stimulated by decreased glucose, increased amino acids, acetylcholine, gastrin releasing peptide; inhibited by increased glucose, increased insulin, somatostatin
28
Response to glucagon?
Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, ketogenesis, decreased gastric acid secretion, decreased pancreatic secretions, decreased intestinal motility, decreased stomach motility, increased LES pressure, decreased MMCs
29
Pancreatic polypeptide produced where?
Islet cells in pancreas
30
Secretion of pancreatic polypeptide stimulated by what?
Food, vagal stimulation, other GI hormones
31
Response to pancreatic polypeptide?
Decreased pancreatic and gallbladder secretion
32
Motilin is produced where?
Intestinal cells of gut
33
Secretion of motilin stimulated by what? Inhibited by what?
Stimulated by duodenal acid, food, vagal input, gastrin releasing peptide; inhibited by somatostatin, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide, duodenal fat
34
Bombesin is otherwise known as what? Response?
Gastrin releasing peptide; increased intestinal motor activity, increased pancreatic enzyme secretion, increased gastric acid secretion
35
Where is peptide YY produced?
Terminal ileum following fatty meal
36
Response to peptide YY?
Inhibits acid secretion and stomach contraction; inhibits gallbladder contraction and pancreatic secretion
37
Anorexia is mediated by what?
Hypothalamus
38
What is the recovery time for small bowel? Stomach? Large bowel?
Small bowel – 24 hours, stomach – 48 hours, large bowel - 3-5 days

Fiser's ABSITE Ryan SHORT (50 decks)

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