Chapter 2.8 ~ Genetic Mutations

Question 1

Mutagen

Answer 1

A mutagen is an agent or factor that is able to influence or increase rate of mutations in DNA

The factor or trigger of a mutation

Question 2

Spontaneous Mutation

Answer 2

When the cause of a mutation can’t be identified

Question 3

Induced Mutation

Answer 3

When the cause of a mutation can be identified

Question 4

Mutagenic Agents

Answer 4

Mutagenic agents are the things that can cause or contribute to the development of mutations in our DNA

Radiation: Ultraviolet radiation, nuclear radiation, x-rays

Chemicals: Formalin, benzene

Ozone Layer: When we thin the ozone layer we become increasingly exposed to ultraviolet radiation

Question 5

Point Muatations

Answer 5

Point mutations are mutations in a specific part of the DNA sequence that have the ability of causing a substitution, deletion or insertion mutation.

Question 6

Insertion Mutation

Answer 6

The type of mutation when the nucleotide is inserted into to original nucleotide sequence of DNA

Question 7

Deletion Mutation

Answer 7

The type of mutation when one of the nucleotides in the DNA is deleted from the DNA sequence

Question 8

Substitution Mutation

Answer 8

The type of mutation when one of the nucleotides are substituted for a different nucleotide within the DNA sequence

Question 9

Sickle-Cell Anaemia

Answer 9

Suckle-cell anaemia is a disease associated with mutations the the genetic code for one of the polypeptides that make haemoglobin in the red blood cells. This is because the Adenine-A base is substituted by the Thymine-T base

When deformed red blood cells can bunch together and block blood vessels

Question 10

Mutation

Answer 10

A mutation is a fault or change in the DNA sequence ~ at the chromosome or gene level